CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CBSE Syllabus 2026-27 Class 12: The CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CBSE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Revised Syllabus
CBSE Class 12 Chemistry Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Solutions [Revision]
- Introduction of Solution
- Expressing Concentration of Solutions
- Introduction of Solubility
- Solubility
- Vapour Pressure of Liquid Solutions - Introduction
- Vapour Pressure of Liquid
- Ideal and Non-ideal Solutions
- Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass - Introduction
- Colligative Properties and Determination of Molar Mass
- Abnormal Molar Masses
- Solution Numericals
- Quantitative Concentration Numericals
- Composition of Vapour Phase
- Electrochemistry
- Kohlrausch's law
Numericals
- Kohlrausch's law
- Overview of Solutions
1 Solid State [Revision]
- General Characteristics of Solid State
- Amorphous and Crystalline Solids
- Classification of solids
- Crystalline solids
- Amorphous solids
- The distinction between Crystalline and Amorphous Solids
- Isomorphous solids and polymorphous solids
- Classification of Crystalline Solids
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells
- Unit cell
- Crystal lattice or space lattice
- Two-dimensional lattice and unit cell
- Three-dimensional lattice and unit cell
- Crystal Lattices and Unit Cells - Primitive and Centred Unit Cells
- Primitive Unit Cells
- Centred Unit Cells
1) Body-Centred Unit Cells
2) Face-Centred Unit Cells
3) End-Centred Unit Cells - Bravais lattices
- Number of Atoms in a Unit Cell
- Primitive Cubic Unit Cell
- Body-Centred Cubic Unit Cell
- Face-Centred Cubic Unit Cell
- Close Packed Structures of Solids
- Packing in solids
- Close Packing in One Dimension
1) Coordination number - Close Packing in Two Dimensions
1) Square close packing in two dimensions
2) Hexagonal close packing of spheres in two dimensions - Close Packing in Three Dimensions
- Three-dimensional close-packed structure
- Stage I - Linear packing in one dimension
- Stage II - Planar packing in two dimensions
1) AAAA type, square close-packed structure
2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure - Stage III - Close packing in three dimensions
1) AAAA type, simple cubic structure
2) ABAB type, hexagonal close-packed structure
3) ABCABC type, cubic close-packed structure
- Number of voids per atom in hcp and ccp structures
- Locating tetrahedral and octahedral voids: locating tetrahedral voids, Locating octahedral voids
- Close Packed Structures - Formula of a Compound and Number of Voids Filled
- Packing Efficiency
- Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions
- Calculation of density of unit cell
- Imperfections in Solids - Introduction
point defects and line defects
- Imperfections in Solids
- Types of Point Defects - Stoichiometric Defects
Vacancy Defect, Interstitial Defect, Frenkel Defect, interstitial defect, dislocation defect, Schottky Defect
- Types of Point Defects - Non-stoichiometric Defects
Metal Excess Defect, Metal Deficiency Defect
- Types of Point Defects - Stoichiometric Defects
- Properties of Solids: Electrical Properties
- Conduction of Electricity in Metals
- Conduction of Electricity in Semiconductors
- Conduction of electricity in semiconductors
- Intrinsic semiconductors
- Extrinsic semiconductors
a) Electron rich (or donor) impurities
b) Electron deficient (or acceptor) impurities
- Properties of Solids: Magnetic Properties
- Solid State
- Solid State Numericals
2 Electrochemistry [Revision]
- Introduction to Electrochemistry
- Electrochemical Cells
- Galvanic or Voltaic Cells - Introduction
- Galvanic Cells - Measurement of Electrode Potential
- Nernst Equation - Introduction
- Nernst Equation
- Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions - Introduction
- Conductance of Electrolytic Solutions
- Electrolytic Cells and Electrolysis - Introduction
- Applications of Electrolysis > Electroplating
- Batteries
- Fuel Cells
- Corrosion of Metals
- Definition: Corrosion
- Relation Between Gibbs Energy Change and Emf of a Cell
- Gibbs energy change and e.m.f. of a cell
- Standard cell potential and equilibrium constant
- Electrochemistry
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Faraday's Law of Induction
- Law: Faraday's First Law or Neumann's Law
- Law: Faraday's Second Law or Lenz's Law
- Overview of Electrochemistry
3 Chemical Kinetics [Revision]
- Rate of Chemical Reaction
- Factors Influencing Rate of a Reaction
- Integrated Rate Equations
- Zero Order Reactions
- First Order Reactions
- Half Life Period of a Reaction
- Pseudo First Order Reaction
- Temperature Dependence of the Rate of a Reaction
- Collision Theory of Chemical Reactions
- Effect of Catalyst on the Rate of Reaction
- Kinetic Energy of Molecule
- Role of Catalyst
- Chemical Kinetics
- Overview of Chemical Kinetics
4 d-block and f-block Elements [Revision]
- General Introduction of "D" and "F" Block Element
- Position in the Periodic Table - d-block Elements
- Electronic Configurations of the D-block Elements
- General Properties of the Transition Elements (D-block)
- Some Important Compounds of Transition Elements - Oxides and Oxoanions of Metals
- F-block Elements
- Some Applications of d and f Block Elements
- "D" and "F" Block Elements Numericals
- Overview of d-block and f-block Elements
5 Coordination Compounds [Revision]
- Introduction of Coordination Compounds
- Werner’s Theory of Coordination Compounds
- Definitions of Some Important Terms Pertaining to Coordination Compounds
- Types of Ligands
- Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds - Formulas of Mononuclear Coordination Entities
- Nomenclature of Coordination Compounds - Naming of Mononuclear Coordination Compounds
- Isomerism in Coordination Compounds
- Stereoisomerism
- Bonding in Coordination Compounds - Introduction
- Bonding in Coordination Compounds
- Bonding in Metal Carbonyls
- Stability of Coordination Compounds
- Importance and Applications of Coordination Compounds
- Coordination Compounds Numerical
- Overview of Coordination Compounds
5 Surface Chemistry [Revision]
- Introduction of Adsorption
- Distinction Between Adsorption and Absorption
- Adsorption
- Types of Adsorption
- Types of adsorption
- Physical adsorption (Physisorption or van der Waals' adsorption)
- Chemical adsorption (Chemisorption or activated adsorption)
- Difference between physisorption and chemisorption
- Adsorption Isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm)
- Adsorption isotherm
- Freundlich adsorption isotherm
- Langmuir adsorption isotherm
- Applications of Adsorption
- Catalysis
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Classification of catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
- Examples of homogeneous catalysis
- Examples of heterogeneous catalysis
- Enzyme Catalysis
- Enzymes
- Characteristics of enzymes
- Mechanism of enzyme catalysis
- Examples of enzyme catalysed reactions
- Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Adsorption Theory of Heterogeneous Catalysis
- Important features of solid catalysts
- Catalytic activity
- Catalytic selectivity
- Shape selective catalysis by zeolites
- Colloids
- Examples of colloids
- Classification of colloids
- Preparation of Colloids
- Purification of colloidal solution
- Properties of colloidal dispersions
- Methods to effect coagulation
- Emulsions
- Applications of colloids
- Dispersed phase and dispersion medium
- True solutions, colloids, and suspensions
- Types of colloidal systems
- Classification of Colloids
- Classification Based on Nature of Interaction Between Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium
- Lyophilic colloids (solvent loving or solvent attracting)
- Lyophobic colloids (solvent hating, solvent repelling, or solvent fearing)
- Distinction between lyophobic and lyophilic colloids
- Classification Based on Type of Particles of the Dispersed Phase, Multimolecular, Macromolecular and Associated Colloids
- Multimolecular colloids,
- Macromolecular colloids,
- Associated colloids (Micelles),
- Mechanism of micelle formation
- Cleansing action of soaps
- Classification Based on Nature of Interaction Between Dispersed Phase and Dispersion Medium
- Preparation of Colloids
- Chemical methods
- Electrical disintegration or Bredig’s Arc method
- Peptization
- Purification of Colloidal Solutions
- Dialysis
- Electro-dialysis
- Ultrafiltration
- Properties of Colloidal Solutions
- Colligative properties
- Tyndall effect
- Colour
- Brownian movement
- Charge on colloidal particles
- Electrophoresis
- Coagulation of lyophilic sols
- Coagulation or precipitation
- Methods to effect coagulation
- Methods to prevent coagulation of colloids (Protection of colloids)
- Emulsions
- Emulsion
- Types of emulsions
1) Oil-in-water emulsion (O/W type)
2) Water-in-oil emulsion (W/O type) - Properties of emulsions
- Deemulsification
- Colloids Around Us
- Colloids in our daily life
- Natural phenomena
a) Blue colour of sky and sea
b) Fog, mist, and rain
c) Soils
d) Delta formation
e) Food articles
f) Blood - Industrial applications
a) Electrical precipitation of smoke
b) Purification of drinking water
c) Colloidal medicines
d) Photographic plates
e) Artificial rain
f) Rubber industry
g) Tanning
h) Miscellaneous
6 Haloalkanes and Haloarenes [Revision]
- Introduction of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Classification of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Introduction to Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Methods of Preparation of Haloalkanes
- Methods of Preparation of Haloarenes
- Physical Properties of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
- Hydrocarbons: Alkanes
- Polyhalogen Compounds
- Haloalkanes
- R-s and D-l Configuration
Haloalkanes
- R-s and D-l Configuration
- Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Numericals
- Overview of Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
6 General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements [Revision]
- Occurrence of Metals
- Definition: Minerals
- Definition: Ores
- Key Points: Occurrence of Metals
- Types of Separation or Concentration of an Ore
- Pulverization
- Concentration of an ore
- Types of separation or concentration of an ore
- Hydraulic (gravity separation) method or Levigation method
- Magnetic separation method
- Froth floatation
- Chemical method or Leaching
- Wilfley table method
- Hydraulic Washing
- Magnetic Separation
- Leaching
- Leaching
- Leaching of alumina from bauxite (Baeyer's process)
- Leaching of the ore containing native metal (silver and gold): Mac Arthur Forest Cyanide process
- Extraction of Crude Metal from Concentrated Ore
- Conversion to oxide
- Calcination
- Roasting
- Reduction of oxide to the metal
- Pyrometallurgy
- Hydrometallurgy
- Electrometallurgy
- Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
- Ellingham diagrams
- Significance of Ellingham diagram
- Limitations of Ellingham diagram
- Selection of reducing agent
- Application of Thermodynamic Principles of Metallurgy
- Extraction of iron from its oxides,
- Extraction of copper from cuprous oxide [copper(I) oxide]
- Extraction of zinc from zinc oxide
- Electrochemical Principles of Metallurgy
- Aluminium - Hall-Heroult process
- Copper from Low Grade Ores and Scraps
- Oxidation Reduction
- Refining of Crude Metals
- Principles and methods of extraction - Refining
- Distillation
- Liquation
- Electrolytic refining (electrolytic method)
- Zone refining
- Vapour phase refining
- Chromatographic methods
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
- Uses of Aluminium, Copper, Zinc and Iron
- General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements Numerical
7 P - Block Elements [Revision]
- Concept of Group 15 Elements
- Occurrence
- Electronic Configuration
- Atomic and Ionic Radii
- Ionisation Enthalpy
- Electronegativity
- Physical Properties and Chemical Properties
- p-Block elements of Group 15 Elements
- Dinitrogen
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Ammonia
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Oxides of Nitrogen
- Oxoacids of nitrogen
- Structures of Oxides of Nitrogen
- Nitric Acid
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus - Allotropic Forms
- White phosphorus
- Red phosphorus
- Black phosphorus
- Phosphine
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus Halides
- Phosphorus Trichloride - Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Phosphorus Pentachloride - Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Dinitrogen
- Concept of Group 16 Elements
Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Physical Properties and Chemical Properties (Oxidation states and trends in chemical reactivity and Anomalous behaviour of oxygen)
- P - Block Group 16 Elements
- Dioxygen
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Ozone
- Preparation, properties, structures, and uses
- Sulphur - Allotropic Forms
- Rhombic sulphur (α-sulphur)
- Monoclinic sulphur (β-sulphur)
- Sulphur Dioxide
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Oxoacids of Sulphur
- Structures of oxoacids of sulphur
- Sulphuric Acid
- Preparation, properties, structures, and uses
- Dioxygen
- Concept of Group 17 Elements
Occurrence, Electronic Configuration, Atomic and Ionic Radii, Ionisation Enthalpy, Electron Gain Enthalpy, Electronegativity, Physical Properties and Chemical Properties (Oxidation states and trends in chemical reactivity and Anomalous behaviour of fluorine)
- Compounds of Halogens
- P - Block Group 17 Elements
- Hydrogen Chloride
- Preparation, Properties, Uses
- Oxoacids of Halogens
- Oxides and oxoacids of halogens
- Interhalogen Compounds
- Structures of Interhalogen compounds
- Hydrogen Chloride
- P - Block Group 18 Elements
- P Block Elements
7 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers [Revision]
- Classification of Alcohols and Phenols
- Classification of Ethers
- Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Structures of Functional Groups of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
- Methods of Preparation of Alcohols
- Methods of Preparation of Phenols
- Physical and Chemical Properties of Alcohols and Phenols
- Chemical Reactions of Alcohols and Phenols
- Chemical Properties of Phenol
- Preparation of Commercially Important Alcohols
- Preparation of Ethers
- Physical Properties of Ethers
- Chemical Reaction of Ethers - Cleavege of C-O Bonds
- Chemical Reaction of Ethers - Electrophilic Substitution
- Overview of Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
8 Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids [Revision]
- Introduction of Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
- Aldehydes and Ketones
- Nature of Carbonyl Group
- Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Physical Properties of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Uses of Aldehydes and Ketones
- Carboxylic Acids
- Definition: Carboxylic Acid
- Formula: Carboxylic Acid
- Key Points: Carboxylic Acid
- Acids
- Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
- Uses of Carboxylic Acids
- Overview: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
9 Amines [Revision]
10 Biomolecules [Revision]
- Introduction of Carbohydrates
- Classification of Carbohydrates
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Carbohydrates
- Oligosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Importance of Carbohydrates
- Introduction of Proteins
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Proteins
- Lipids and Hormones
- Elementary idea
- Lipids and Hormones
- Introduction of Enzymes
- Mechanism of Enzyme Action
- Introduction of Vitamins
- Vitamins
- Introduction of Nucleic Acids
- Biomolecules in the Cell > Nucleic Acids
- Biomolecules Numericals
- Chemical Coordination
- Overview of Biomolecules
15 Polymers [Revision]
- Introduction to Polymers
- Classification of Polymers Based on Source
Natural polymers, Semi-synthetic polymers, Synthetic polymers
- Classification of Polymers Based on Structure
Linear polymers, Branched chain polymers, Cross linked or Network polymers
- Classification of Polymers Based on Mode of Polymerisation
Addition polymers, Condensation polymers
- Classification of Polymers Based on Molecular Forces
Elastomers, Fibres, Thermoplastic polymers, Thermosetting polymers
- Classification of Polymers Based on Growth Polymerisation
- Classification of Polymers Based on Source
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Addition Polymerisation or Chain Growth Polymerisation
- Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation
1) Free radical mechanism - Some Important Addition Polymers
(a) Polythene
(i) Low density polythene
(ii) High density polythene
(b) Polytetrafluoroethene (Teflon)
(c) Polyacrylonitrile
- Mechanism of Addition Polymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Condensation Polymerisation Or Step Growth Polymerisation
- Condensation Polymerisation or Step Growth Polymerisation
- Some Important Condensation Polymers
(a) Polyamides: Nylons
(i) Nylon 6, 6
(ii) Nylon 6
(b) Polyesters
(c) Phenol - formaldehyde polymer (Bakelite and related polymers)
(d) Melamine - formaldehyde polymer
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Copolymerisation
- Types of Polymerisation Reactions - Rubber
- Natural rubber (Vulcanisation of rubber),
- Synthetic rubbers
- Buna-S rubber
- Buna-N rubber or nitrile rubber
- Neoprene rubber
- Molecular Mass of Polymers
- Biodegradable Polymers
- Polymers of Commercial Importance
Polypropene, Polystyrene, Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Urea-formaldehyle Resin, Glyptal, Bakelite
- Polymers Numericals
16 Chemistry in Everyday Life [Revision]
- Classification of Drugs
- Classification of Drugs
(a) On the basis of pharmacological effect
(b) On the basis of drug action
(c) On the basis of chemical structure
(d) On the basis of molecular targets
- Classification of Drugs
- Drug-target Interaction - Enzymes as Drug Targets
- Catalytic action of enzymes
- Drug-enzyme interaction
- Drug-target Interaction - Receptors as Drug Targets
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antacids
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antihistamines
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Neurologically Active Drugs
- Tranquilizers
- Analgesics
(i) Non-narcotic (non-addictive) analgesics
(ii) Narcotic analgesics
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antimicrobials
- Antibiotics
- Antiseptics and disinfectants
- Therapeutic Action of Different Classes of Drugs - Antifertility Drugs
- Chemicals in Food - Artificial Sweetening Agents and Food Preservatives
- Artificial Sweetening Agents
- Food Preservatives
- Antioxidants in Food
- Cleansing Agents - Soaps
- Types of soaps
- Why do soaps not work in hard water?
- Cleansing Agents - Synthetic Detergents
- Anionic Detergents
- Cationic Detergents
- Non-ionic Detergents
- Chemistry in Everyday Life Numericals
