Revision: Chemistry in Everyday Life Chemistry Science (English Medium) Class 12 CBSE

The antibiotics which are effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are known as broad spectrum antibiotics.
Examples: Chloramphenicol, ampicillin, amoxicillin

Limited spectrum antibiotics: Antibiotics which are effective against a single organism or disease are called limited-spectrum antibiotics

Disinfectants: A disinfectant is used primarily to sanitise objects. It acts as an antimicrobial that kills the microbes that cause infection. Disinfectants usually come as liquids or sprays

Example: Chlorine in the concentration of 0.2 to 0.4 ppm, in an aqueous solution, acts as a disinfectant.

Cationic detergent: These are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with chlorides, acetate or bromides.
Eg. n-hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride, Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide 

Cationic detergents are quaternary ammonium salts of acetates, chlorides, or bromides. These are called cationic detergents because the cationic part of these detergents contains a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on the N atom.

For example: Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide

\[\begin{bmatrix}
\phantom{..........}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{........}|\\
\ce{CH3(CH2)15 - N - CH3}\\
\phantom{........}|\\
\phantom{..........}\ce{CH3}
\end{bmatrix}^+ \text{Br}^-\]

Cationic detergents are quarternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions. Cationic part possess a long hydrocarbon chain and a positive charge on nitrogen atom. Therefore, these are called cationic detergents.

Example: Cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide