Science (English Medium) Class 12 - CBSE Important Questions

State the principle of transformer working with the help of a diagram

Mention various energy losses in transformer device

The primary coil of an ideal step-up transformer has 100 turns and the transformation ratio is also 100. The input voltage and power are 220 V and 1100 W, respectively. Calculate the 

(a) number of turns in secondary
(b) current in the primary
(c) a voltage across secondary
(d) current in secondary
(e) power in secondary

Show that the current leads the voltage in phase by π/2 in an AC circuit containing an ideal capacitor ?

Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making core of a transformer.

State the underlying principle of a transformer. How is the large scale transmission of electric energy over long distances done with the use of transformers?

A light bulb is rated 100 W for 220 V ac supply of 50 Hz. Calculate

(i) The resistance of the bulb;

(ii) The rms current through the bulb.

A series LCR circuit is connected to an ac source. Using the phasor diagram, derive the expression for the impedance of the circuit. Plot a graph to show the variation of current with frequency of the source, explaining the nature of its variation.

State the principle of a step-up transformer. Explain, with the help of a labeled diagram, its working ?

Describe briefly and two energy losses, giving the reasons for their occurrence in actual transformers ?

Answer the following question.
In a series LCR circuit connected across an ac source of variable frequency, obtain the expression for its impedance and draw a plot showing its variation with frequency of the ac source. 

Answer the following question.
What is the phase difference between the voltages across the inductor and the capacitor at resonance in the LCR circuit? 

Answer the following question.
Draw the diagram of a device that is used to decrease high ac voltage into a low ac voltage and state its working principle. Write four sources of energy loss in this device.  

Answer the following question.
A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 20 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the two wirelines carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line power loss in the form of heat. 

The selectivity of a series LCR a.c. circuit is large, when ______.

A series combination of an inductor (L), capacitor (C) and a resistor (R) is connected across an ac source of emf of peak value E₀, and angular frequency (ω). Plot a graph to show variation of impedance of the circuit with angular frequency (ω).

Why are microwaves considered suitable for radar systems used in aircraft navigation?

Name the phenomenon which shows the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation.

Gamma rays and radio waves travel with the same velocity in free space. Distinguish between them in terms of their origin and the main application.

Electromagnetic waves of wavelengths λ₁, λ₂ and λ₃ are used in a radar system, in water purifiers and in remote switches of TV, respectively.

1. Identify the electromagnetic waves.
2. Write one source for each of them.