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Show that the Relation R on the Set Z of Integers, Given by R = {(A, B) : 2 Divides a – B}, is an Equivalence Relation.

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Question

Show that the relation R on the set Z of integers, given by
R = {(a, b) : 2 divides a – b},  is an equivalence relation.

Sum
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Solution

We observe the following properties of relation R.

Reflexivity :

Let a be an arbitrary element of the set Z. Then, 

a ∈ R

⇒ a−a = 0 = 0 × 2

⇒ 2 divides a − a

⇒ ( a, a ) ∈ R for all a ∈ Z

So, R is reflexive on Z.

Symmetry:

Let (a, b)∈ R

⇒ 2 divides a−b

⇒ `(a-b)/2`=p for some p ∈ Z

 ⇒  `(b-a)/2 = - p `

Here, −p ∈ Z

⇒ 2 divides b − a

⇒ (b, a)∈ R for all a, b ∈ Z

So, R is symmetric on Z

Transitivity :

Let (a, b) and (b, c) ∈ R

⇒ 2 divides a−b and 2 divides b−c

⇒ `(a-b)/2` = p  and` (b-c)/2`= q for some p, q ∈ Z`

Adding the above two, we get

`(a-b)/2 + (b -c)/2 = p +q`

⇒ `(a -c)/2 p +q`

Here, p+ q ∈ Z

⇒2 divides a − c

⇒ (a, c)∈ R for all a, c ∈ Z

So, R is transitive on Z.

Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.

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Chapter 1: Relations - Exercise 1.2 [Page 26]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 1 Relations
Exercise 1.2 | Q 2 | Page 26

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