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Show that the Relation R Defined by R = {(A, B) : a – B is Divisible by 3; A, B ∈ Z} is an Equivalence Relation.

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Question

Show that the relation R defined by R = {(a, b) : a – b is divisible by 3; a, b ∈ Z} is an equivalence relation.

Sum
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Solution

We observe the following relations of relation R.

Reflexivity : 

Let a be an arbitrary element of R. Then,

a−a=0=0 × 3

⇒ a−a is divisible by 3

⇒ (a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈ Z

So, R is reflexive on Z.

Symmetry :

Let (a, b) ∈ R

⇒ a−b is divisible by 3

⇒ a−b 3p for some p ∈ Z

⇒ b−a =3 (−p)

Here, −p ∈ Z

⇒ b−a is divisible by 3

⇒ (b, a) ∈ R for all a, b ∈ Z

So, R is symmetric on Z.

Transitivity:

Let (a, b) and (b, c) ∈ R

⇒ a−b and b−c are divisible by 3

⇒ a−b=3p for some p ∈ Z

and b− c = 3q for some q ∈ Z

Adding the above two, we get

  a − b + b− c= 3p+ 3q

⇒ a−c =3 (p+q)

Here, p+q ∈ Z

⇒ a−c is divisible by 3

⇒ (a, c) ∈ R for all a, c ∈ Z

So, R is transitive on Z.

Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.

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Chapter 1: Relations - Exercise 1.2 [Page 26]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 1 Relations
Exercise 1.2 | Q 1 | Page 26

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