Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
Show that the relation R defined by R = {(a, b) : a – b is divisible by 3; a, b ∈ Z} is an equivalence relation.
Advertisements
उत्तर
We observe the following relations of relation R.
Reflexivity :
Let a be an arbitrary element of R. Then,
a−a=0=0 × 3
⇒ a−a is divisible by 3
⇒ (a, a) ∈ R for all a ∈ Z
So, R is reflexive on Z.
Symmetry :
Let (a, b) ∈ R
⇒ a−b is divisible by 3
⇒ a−b 3p for some p ∈ Z
⇒ b−a =3 (−p)
Here, −p ∈ Z
⇒ b−a is divisible by 3
⇒ (b, a) ∈ R for all a, b ∈ Z
So, R is symmetric on Z.
Transitivity:
Let (a, b) and (b, c) ∈ R
⇒ a−b and b−c are divisible by 3
⇒ a−b=3p for some p ∈ Z
and b− c = 3q for some q ∈ Z
Adding the above two, we get
a − b + b− c= 3p+ 3q
⇒ a−c =3 (p+q)
Here, p+q ∈ Z
⇒ a−c is divisible by 3
⇒ (a, c) ∈ R for all a, c ∈ Z
So, R is transitive on Z.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Let A = {1, 2, 3,......, 9} and R be the relation in A × A defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if a + d = b + c for (a, b), (c, d) in A × A. Prove that R is an equivalence relation. Also, obtain the equivalence class [(2, 5)].
Show that the relation R in the set R of real numbers, defined as R = {(a, b) : a ≤ b2} is neither reflexive nor symmetric nor transitive.
Given an example of a relation. Which is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive.
Let L be the set of all lines in the XY plane and R be the relation in L defined as R = {(L1, L2) : L1 is parallel to L2}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Find the set of all lines related to the line y = 2x + 4.
Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of relations containing (1, 2) and (1, 3) which are reflexive and symmetric but not transitive is ______.
Let A = {1, 2, 3}. Then number of equivalence relations containing (1, 2) is ______.
Let A be the set of all human beings in a town at a particular time. Determine whether the following relation is reflexive, symmetric and transitive:
R = {(x, y) : x and y live in the same locality}
The following relation is defined on the set of real numbers.
aRb if 1 + ab > 0
Find whether relation is reflexive, symmetric or transitive.
An integer m is said to be related to another integer n if m is a multiple of n. Check if the relation is symmetric, reflexive and transitive.
Prove that the relation R on Z defined by
(a, b) ∈ R ⇔ a − b is divisible by 5
is an equivalence relation on Z.
m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m − n is divisible by 13. Does this define an equivalence relation?
Let R be the relation defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} by R = {(a, b) : both a and b are either odd or even}. Show that R is an equivalence relation. Further, show that all the elements of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7} are related to each other and all the elements of the subset {2, 4, 6} are related to each other, but no element of the subset {1, 3, 5, 7} is related to any element of the subset {2, 4, 6}.
If R = {(x, y) : x + 2y = 8} is a relation on N by, then write the range of R.
If R is a symmetric relation on a set A, then write a relation between R and R−1.
Let R = {(x, y) : |x2 − y2| <1) be a relation on set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Write R as a set of ordered pairs.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and if R = {(x, y) : y is one half of x; x, y ∈ A} is a relation on A, then write R as a set of ordered pairs.
For the set A = {1, 2, 3}, define a relation R on the set A as follows:
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 3)}
Write the ordered pairs to be added to R to make the smallest equivalence relation.
Let R be a relation on the set N given by
R = {(a, b) : a = b − 2, b > 6}. Then,
The relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by
R = {(a, b) : | a2 − b2 | < 16} is given by ______________ .
Let R = {(a, a), (b, b), (c, c), (a, b)} be a relation on set A = a, b, c. Then, R is _______________ .
If R is a relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3} given by R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)}, then R is ____________ .
The relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3)} on the set {1, 2, 3} is ___________________ .
Mark the correct alternative in the following question:
Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers defined by nRm if n divides m. Then, R is _____________ .
If A = {a, b, c}, B = (x , y} find B × B.
In the set of natural numbers N, define a relation R as follows: ∀ n, m ∈ N, nRm if on division by 5 each of the integers n and m leaves the remainder less than 5, i.e. one of the numbers 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4. Show that R is equivalence relation. Also, obtain the pairwise disjoint subsets determined by R
Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z as follows: ∀ a, b ∈ Z, aRb if and only if a – b is divisible by n. Show that R is an equivalance relation
Let T be the set of all triangles in the Euclidean plane, and let a relation R on T be defined as aRb if a is congruent to b ∀ a, b ∈ T. Then R is ______.
Let the relation R be defined in N by aRb if 2a + 3b = 30. Then R = ______.
Let R be the relation on N defined as by x + 2 y = 8 The domain of R is ____________.
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3)} be a relation on A, then R is ____________.
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}. Then R is ____________.
Let R be a relation on the set N of natural numbers denoted by nRm ⇔ n is a factor of m (i.e. n | m). Then, R is ____________.
A relation S in the set of real numbers is defined as `"xSy" => "x" - "y" + sqrt3` is an irrational number, then relation S is ____________.
An organization conducted a bike race under 2 different categories-boys and girls. Totally there were 250 participants. Among all of them finally, three from Category 1 and two from Category 2 were selected for the final race. Ravi forms two sets B and G with these participants for his college project. Let B = {b1,b2,b3} G={g1,g2} where B represents the set of boys selected and G the set of girls who were selected for the final race.
Ravi decides to explore these sets for various types of relations and functions.
- Ravi wishes to form all the relations possible from B to G. How many such relations are possible?
Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the line y = x − 4. Let L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be a relation on L.
Answer the following using the above information.
- Let relation R be defined by R = {(L1, L2): L1║L2 where L1, L2 ∈ L} then R is ____________ relation.
Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the line y = x − 4. Let L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be a relation on L.
Answer the following using the above information.
- Let R = {(L1, L2 ): L1 is parallel to L2 and L1: y = x – 4} then which of the following can be taken as L2?
The number of surjective functions from A to B where A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and B = {a, b} is
A relation in a set 'A' is known as empty relation:-
Let R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ N and x2 – 4xy + 3y2 = 0}, where N is the set of all natural numbers. Then the relation R is ______.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let R = {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2)} be a relation on A. Then R is ______.
