Question

Read the passage below:

1.	Our history makes it evident that the Indian Plastics Industry made a vigorous beginning in 1957 but it took more than 30 years for it to pervade Indian lifestyles. In 1979, "the market for plastics' was just being seeded by the state-owned Indian Petro-Chemicals and it was only in 1994 that plastic soft drink bottles became a visible source of annoyance.
2.	In the same year, people in other cities were concerned about the state of public sanitation and also urged regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags. However, the challenge was greater than it appeared at first.
3.	The massive generation of plastic waste in India is due to rapid urbanisation, spread of retail chains, plastic packaging from grocery to food and vegetable products, to consumer items and cosmetics. The projected high growth rates of GDP and continuing rapid urbanisation suggest that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and plastic waste is likely to increase.
4.	According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report of 2018, India stands among few other countries like France, Mongolia and several African countries that have initiated total or partial nationallevel bans on plastics in their jurisdictions. On World Environment Day in 2018, India vowed to phase out single-use plastics by 2022, which gave a much needed impetus to bring this change
5.	In this context, thereafter ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu) are currently sending their collected waste to cement plants for co-processing, twelve other states/UTs are using plastic waste for polymer bitumen road construction and still four other states are using the plastic waste for waste-to-energy plants and oil production. A world of greater possibilities has now opened up to initiate appropriate and concrete actions to build up the necessary institutions and systems before oceans turn, irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic.
6.	However there is no one single masterstroke to counter the challenges witnessed by the staggering plastic waste management in the country. The time is now to formulate robust and inclusive National Action Plans and while doing so, the country will establish greater transparency to combat the plastic jeopardy in a more sustainable and holistic way.

Based on your understanding of the passage answer any six out of the seven questions given below:

1. What does the writer mean by 'visible source of annoyance'?
2. Why did people demand a ban on plastics?
3. What created a demand for plastics in India?
4. With reference to the graph write one conclusion that can be drawn about the production of plastics in 2019 (approximately).
5. What does the upward trend of the graph indicate?
6. What does the line, oceans turning 'irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic', suggest?
7. What step must be taken to combat the challenges of plastic waste management? What will be its impact?

Answer 1

1. By "visible source of aggravation," the author means that by 1994, plastic soft drink bottles had totally taken over the Indian market.
2. People called for a ban on plastics because they were aware of how bad plastic was for hygiene. People encouraged the regulatory organisations to forbid the manufacture, distribution, and use of plastic bags because they were worried about the situation of public cleanliness.
3. India has a growing demand for plastics due to factors like rapid urbanisation, the expansion of retail chains, plastic packaging for grocery, food, and vegetable products, consumer goods, cosmetics, and more.
4. It implies that plastic manufacturing will continue to increase steadily in 2019.
5. The graph's increasing trend suggests that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and garbage generation is set to rise.
6. The phrase, "oceans dissolving permanently into a thin soup of plastic," relates to the gloomy future that will result from the accumulation of plastic garbage on the ocean's surface. Since it is very impossible to clean the ocean's water, it is referred to as irreversible.
7. Countries must create comprehensive and inclusive National Action Plans to address the problems associated with managing plastic trash. The country will generate greater transparency as a result of this plan in order to address the plastic threat in a more sustainable manner.