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प्रश्न
Read the passage below:
| 1. | Our history makes it evident that the Indian Plastics Industry made a vigorous beginning in 1957 but it took more than 30 years for it to pervade Indian lifestyles. In 1979, "the market for plastics' was just being seeded by the state-owned Indian Petro-Chemicals and it was only in 1994 that plastic soft drink bottles became a visible source of annoyance. |
| 2. | In the same year, people in other cities were concerned about the state of public sanitation and also urged regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags. However, the challenge was greater than it appeared at first. |
| 3. |
The massive generation of plastic waste in India is due to rapid urbanisation, spread of retail chains, plastic packaging from grocery to food and vegetable products, to consumer items and cosmetics. The projected high growth rates of GDP and continuing rapid urbanisation suggest that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and plastic waste is likely to increase.
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| 4. | According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report of 2018, India stands among few other countries like France, Mongolia and several African countries that have initiated total or partial nationallevel bans on plastics in their jurisdictions. On World Environment Day in 2018, India vowed to phase out single-use plastics by 2022, which gave a much needed impetus to bring this change |
| 5. | In this context, thereafter ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu) are currently sending their collected waste to cement plants for co-processing, twelve other states/UTs are using plastic waste for polymer bitumen road construction and still four other states are using the plastic waste for waste-to-energy plants and oil production. A world of greater possibilities has now opened up to initiate appropriate and concrete actions to build up the necessary institutions and systems before oceans turn, irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic. |
| 6. | However there is no one single masterstroke to counter the challenges witnessed by the staggering plastic waste management in the country. The time is now to formulate robust and inclusive National Action Plans and while doing so, the country will establish greater transparency to combat the plastic jeopardy in a more sustainable and holistic way. |
Based on your understanding of the passage answer any six out of the seven questions given below:
- What does the writer mean by 'visible source of annoyance'?
- Why did people demand a ban on plastics?
- What created a demand for plastics in India?
- With reference to the graph write one conclusion that can be drawn about the production of plastics in 2019 (approximately).
- What does the upward trend of the graph indicate?
- What does the line, oceans turning 'irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic', suggest?
- What step must be taken to combat the challenges of plastic waste management? What will be its impact?
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उत्तर
- By "visible source of aggravation," the author means that by 1994, plastic soft drink bottles had totally taken over the Indian market.
- People called for a ban on plastics because they were aware of how bad plastic was for hygiene. People encouraged the regulatory organisations to forbid the manufacture, distribution, and use of plastic bags because they were worried about the situation of public cleanliness.
- India has a growing demand for plastics due to factors like rapid urbanisation, the expansion of retail chains, plastic packaging for grocery, food, and vegetable products, consumer goods, cosmetics, and more.
- It implies that plastic manufacturing will continue to increase steadily in 2019.
- The graph's increasing trend suggests that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and garbage generation is set to rise.
- The phrase, "oceans dissolving permanently into a thin soup of plastic," relates to the gloomy future that will result from the accumulation of plastic garbage on the ocean's surface. Since it is very impossible to clean the ocean's water, it is referred to as irreversible.
- Countries must create comprehensive and inclusive National Action Plans to address the problems associated with managing plastic trash. The country will generate greater transparency as a result of this plan in order to address the plastic threat in a more sustainable manner.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the following extract and answer the questions given below:
How do you know
Peace is a woman?
I know, for
I met her yesterday
on my winding way
to the world's fare.
She had such a wonderful face
just like a golden flower faded
before her prime.
(1) How does the poet describe the face of peace?
(2) Do you think there is a way out of the war-ridden world? What is it?.
(3) Name and explain the figure of speech in the following line:
"I met her yesterday
on my winding way."
(4) The poet asks the question and herself answers it. What effect does it create in the extract?
Briefly comment on:
The author’s meeting with Norbu.
Read the text below and summarise it.
The Great Desert Where Hippos Once Wallowed
The Sahara sets a standard for dry land. It’s the world’s largest desert. Relative humidity can drop into the low single digits. There are places where it rains only about once a century. There are people who reach the end of their lives without ever seeing water come from the sky.
Yet beneath the Sahara are vast aquifers of fresh water, enough liquid to fill a small sea. It is fossil water, a treasure laid down in prehistoric times, some of it possibly a million years old. Just 6,000 years ago, the Sahara was a much different place.
It was green. Prehistoric rock art in the Sahara shows something surprising: hippopotamuses, which need year-round water.
“We don’t have much evidence of a tropical paradise out there, but we had something perfectly liveable,” says Jennifer Smith, a geologist at Washington University in St Louis.
The green Sahara was the product of the migration of the paleo-monsoon. In the same way that ice ages come and go, so too do monsoons migrate north and south. The dynamics of earth’s motion are responsible. The tilt of the earth’s axis varies in a regular cycle — sometimes the planet is more tilted towards the sun, sometimes less so. The axis also wobbles like a spinning top. The date of the earth’s perihelion — its closest approach to the sun — varies in cycle as well.
At times when the Northern Hemisphere tilts sharply towards the sun and the planet makes its closest approach, the increased blast of sunlight during the north’s summer months can cause the African monsoon (which currently occurs between the Equator and roughly 17°N latitude) to shift to the north as it did 10,000 years ago, inundating North Africa.
Around 5,000 years ago the monsoon shifted dramatically southward again. The prehistoric inhabitants of the Sahara discovered that their relatively green surroundings were undergoing something worse than a drought (and perhaps they migrated towards the Nile Valley, where Egyptian culture began to flourish at around the same time).
“We’re learning, and only in recent years, that some climate changes in the past have been as rapid as anything underway today,” says Robert Giegengack, a University of Pennsylvania geologist.
As the land dried out and vegetation decreased, the soil lost its ability to hold water when it did rain. Fewer clouds formed from evaporation. When it rained, the water washed away and evaporated quickly. There was a kind of runaway drying effect. By 4,000 years ago the Sahara had become what it is today.
No one knows how human-driven climate change may alter the Sahara in the future. It’s something scientists can ponder while sipping bottled fossil water pumped from underground.
“It’s the best water in Egypt,” Giegengack said — clean, refreshing mineral water. If you want to drink something good, try the ancient buried treasure of the Sahara.
Staff Writer, Washington Post
Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to take issue with
Comment on the way in which the theme of the story has been introduced.
Examine the communication channels in the story between Basset and Paul's uncle.
Why do you think the poet has used so many 'negatives' to make his statement?
The poem has a literal level and a figurative level. Why has the poet chosen 'tigers' and 'sheep' to convey his message?
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I have a small group of close friends and have no wish to interact with anyone else.
Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words.
Indians respect the freedom of others.
Find evidence from the lesson and write in your own words.
India has many amazing success stories.
Answer the given question in your own words.
To whom did the Prince gift the two gemstones of his eyes?
Make pair of sentences to show the difference between the meaning of the following Homograph from the story.
interest
For preparing questions based on the poem, an overall understanding of the poem is a must. Discuss with your partner and prepare a set of five questions.
For example:
- What is the name of the bridge?
- ________________________________
- ________________________________
- ________________________________
- ________________________________
- ________________________________
Out of all names of birds and animals given in the poem, pick out 4 names that are similar in English as well as in Hindi/Marathi or your Mother's tongue.
Write 3 to 4 lines about the following in your own words.
First Cardiac Surgery
Write a sentence each about three of your friends. Each time you should say what your friend cannot do, and yet, pay a compliment to your friend.
Read the passage and answer the following question:
Who designed the PVC medal?
Use the following expressions in your own sentences:
- We all agree that
- It is he/she who
- Don’t you see
- None of us
Complete the following table.
| No. | Utterance | Who said it | To whom | When |
| (a) | I touched it in the hall at the ministry. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
| (b) | It will give us time to look some more. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
| (c) | I might have needed it. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
| (d) | You must have made a mistake. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
| (e) | Well, I lost it. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
| (f) | Mine was an imitation. | ___________ | ___________ | ___________ |
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
Nobody knows for certain who ___________________.
Think of a play/skit which you have seen enacted on the stage and which has impressed you. Write the following details about it.
| Name of the play/skit: | ______________ |
| Important characters: | ______________ |
| Any famous actors/actresses: | ______________ |
| Theme: | ______________ |
| Climax: | ______________ |
| Ending: | ______________ |
| Use of lights and special effects if any: | ______________ |
| Use of background music and sound effects if any: | ______________ |
| Use of sets: | ______________ |
| The costumes, make up, etc. of the characters: | ______________ |
| How well the actors present the play and behave on the stage: | ______________ |
| Your own opinion about the play: | ______________ |
Using the information given in the passage, write a short note on the following in your mother tongue.
Gond art
Name the following.
Pounced on Dhyan Chand and hurt him.
Find out how the following game is played.
Kabaddi
Write other meaningful words that begin/end with stepmother.
List and say whether the following statement agrees with the passage or not.
When you want to make a speech, there’s no need to think about it in advance.
In what way can we help to reduce or minimize waste generation?
Discuss the issue in groups of 4 or 5 and note down all good suggestions.
Resolve to follow them yourself. Some have been given below for your reference.
- Don’t waste food.
- Take as much as you want but finish everything that’s on your plate.
- Don’t throw away broken or half-used things. Repair them and use them.
- Avoid things which can be used only once.
For example: thermocol (polysterene) cups, plastic glasses, etc. - Reuse!
- Recycle!
Identify the character or speaker.
I will tie you neck and feet together.
What made the reporter gaze at the author?
Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:
Zigzag hardly never sleeps.
Somu………………………
Dr.Krishnan……………………….
What do Tamil Nadu folk dances and folk arts represent?
Read the data below and answer the following question.
Choose the correct answer.
In which field of work is women’s involvement the second highest?
Why did the author leave town?
Read the lines and answer the question given below.
Here is a child who clambers and scrambles,
All by himself and gathering brambles;
- Where do you think the child is?
- What does ‘gathering brambles’ mean?
Discuss in groups. Retell the story in your own words. Each one should say one sentence.
You can begin like this:
Gulliver was travelling in a ship. One stormy night, the ship was wrecked...
What sight made the farmer thankful?
Read the events of the story. They are in the wrong order. Put them in the correct order.
| 1. And it charged straight at the cavalry officers on horseback. |
| 2. And so she flew onto the back of the cow. |
| 3. So everybody panicked and made a general rush to safety |
| 4. The startled cow charged off in fear |
| 5. She applied brakes, but was thrown off the cycle. |
| 6. Just then she saw a lone cow in the middle of the road. |
| 7. Finally the cow fell into a ditch and dislodged the girl. |
| 8. The girl cried out in delight as she overtook her brother on her cycle. |
Who is the wisest of all? Why?
The scene is set inside a thick forest and it is nearing dusk. Relate this time frame with the behaviour of the animals in the forest.
Name the character or speaker.
"You want me to strain my back?"
The robot that sat on her shoulder was a______.
Choose the odd one out.
______is a Do It Yourself kid.
What does Megalai do with elders?
Every ______ they would go fishing.
______is good at cooking.
Match the following.
| 1. | Pablo | Inspector |
| 2. | Velayudham | old man |
| 3. | Sreejith | dog |
Fill in the blank
He has bat ______ ball.
Three waves hit the village.
Leafcutter ants can carry leaves that weigh ______ times of their body weight.
Match the following and write the new word.
| 1. | pre | continue |
| 2. | dis | familiar |
| 3. | un | open |
| 4. | re | view |
What makes him fall?
What will help us grow?
Why did the greedy merchant get angry?
Write the word with same meaning.
dustbin- ______.
How did he challenge everybody?
Why did the child in the poem like looking at the pictures?
Read the passage given below:
| 1. | Very often, we do not take the first step towards a good cause because we say to ourselves, "The task is so big. What can I do alone?" So nothing gets done. There is much talk about environmental protection, air pollution and saving our forests. Do we really care? If we do, here are a few things we can do to make our surroundings more pleasant. |
| 2. | It is good to adopt a two-uses-attitude! By putting an article to a second use, we are giving it a longer lease of life and using up less raw material from nature. One of the worst things we do is abuse of paper. The clean sides of envelopes can be used to write small notes, lists and reminders around the house. The more paper we use, the more trees will have to be cut down. For the same reason, we should avoid the use of paper napkins or paper plates. Cloth napkins are just as good, for they can be washed and used over and over again. |
| 3. | Another area which needs the most urgent attention is effective garbage disposal. People who are conscious about it follow rules and laws strictly. As a result, their neighbourhoods are clean and beautiful Similarly, each one of us can contribute to a cleaner environment. All kitchen waste should be collected separately. Those of you who have green fingers can turn this into valuable manure. Dig a pit and put the kitchen waste into it. When the pit is a little over half full, cover it up with mud. Let nature do the rest. Within three or six months, we will have a good garden manure. It can also be done as a community project by digging a large pit in the colony. Do take help of all the members, for nothing succeeds like co-operation |
| 4. | A lot of people don't care about the environment because they don't understand the adverse effect that society has on it. It is important to convince people to care about the environment. The first step would be to convince people to change by providing simple alternative solutions and ways of doing things. Theintemet is a powerful tool and a group on social media of like-minded people can be formed. People can share environmental stories and issues, as well as pool in solutions and alternatives to educate one another. With the current state that our planet is in, it is imperative that people actively care about the environment and most importantly to act now. |
Based on your understanding of the passage, answer any Eight questions from the nine given below:
- Why don't we take the first step towards a good cause?
- What is a two-uses-attitude?
- What can we do to avoid the abuse of paper? (any two points)
- What is the result of an effective way of a garbage disposal?
- What procedure can one adopt for kitchen waste?
- How can making of garden manure be done as community project?
- How long does it take to make good garden manure?
- Select a suitable word from the passage which means - being concerned or interested. (Paragraph 3)
- Pick out the word from the passage which means - completely necessary? (Paragraph 4)
Being a bachelor, the stranger had no patience with children.
