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Let F : [−1, ∞) → [−1, ∞) Be Given By F(X) = (X + 1)2 − 1, X ≥ −1. Show That F Is Invertible. Also, Find the Set S = {X : F(X) = F−1 (X)}.

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Question

Let f : [−1, ∞) → [−1, ∞) be given by f(x) = (x + 1)2 − 1, x ≥ −1. Show that f is invertible. Also, find the set S = {x : f(x) = f−1 (x)}.

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Solution

Injectivity : Let x and y ∈ [−1, ∞), such that 

f (x) = f (y)

⇒ (x + 1)2 − 1 = (y+1)2 −1

⇒ ( x + 1)2 = (y + 1)2

⇒ (x + 1) = (y + 1)

⇒ x = y

So, f is a injection .

Surjectivity : Let y ∈ [ −1, ∞ ).

Then, f (x) = y

⇒ (x+1)2 −1 = y

⇒ `x +1 = sqrt (y +1)`

⇒ `x = sqrt(y + 1) -1`

Clearly, `x = sqrt(y + 1) - 1` is real for all y ≥ -1 .

Thus, every element y ∈  [−1, ∞) has its pre − image x ∈ [−1, ∞) given by x= `sqrt(y+1) -1`.

⇒f is a surjection.

So, f is a bijection.

Hence, f is invertible.

Let f−1 (x) =y                          ...(1)

⇒f (y) = x

⇒ ( y + 1)2 −1 = x

⇒ ( y + 1)2 = x + 1

⇒ `y+ 1 = sqrt(x +1)`

⇒ `y = ± sqrt (x - 1) - 1`

⇒ `f^-1 (x) = ± sqrt(x +1)  - 1`    [from (1)]

f (x) = f−1 (x)

⇒ `(x + 1) ^2 -1 = ± sqrt(x +1) -1`

 ⇒ `(x +1 ) ^2 = ±sqrt(x +1)`

⇒ `(x +1)^4 = x +1` 

⇒ `(x+1) [(x+1)^3 - 1] = 0`

⇒ x + 1 = 0 or (x +1) 3− = 0

⇒ x = −1 or ( x +1)3 = 1

⇒ x = −1 or x + 1= 1

⇒ x = −1 or x = 0

⇒ S = { 0, −1 }

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Chapter 2: Functions - Exercise 2.4 [Page 69]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 2 Functions
Exercise 2.4 | Q 19 | Page 69

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