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प्रश्न
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
Because India's tribal communities are basically bilingual there is a danger of dismissing their languages as dialects of India's major tongues.
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उत्तर
Most of the tribal communities are bilingual. They have assimilated many vocabulary from the major languages of the country. It may seem to many of us that their languages are dialects of India's major tongues.
Another perspective
'Most of the tribal communities in India may be bilingual but there seems no danger of dismissing their languages as dialects of India's major tongues. This only shows that the tribal communities are assimilative in nature. Identity of any language is never destroyed simply because it is borrowing words from some other language. Had it been so then even languages like Hindi and other major languages which keep on borrowing words from foreign languages would have lost their identity. The tribal languages have a structural difference from the major languages of India. Simply the presence of some words of other languages will not make them lose their identity and make them identified as dialects of some major Indian languages.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
B1. Select
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct alternatives from those given in the bracket:
(i) The author was inspired and motivated to read ............................................ by the time she was eleven.
[Shakespeare, Chaucer, G.B. Shaw]
(ii) Every lesson .......................... ......... took was spiced with half a dozen or more anecdotes.
[Mrs. Rowlands, Sister Monica, Mr. A.N. Patil]
(iii) The teachers helped the narrator to become ..................................... . .
[confident, happy, independent]
(iv) Mrs. Cynthia Nesamani and Sister Monica gave .......................................... to the narrator.
[freedom to do what he wanted, advice to do something, instructions to produce better results]
In a way, one of the greatest gifts any teacher can give a student, I think, is to inculcate a curiosity to learn.
I've been incredibly lucky to have at least one such teacher at every stage in my life. The first was Mrs. Rowlands who taught me in primary school. She taught me to read without ever pushing me. She made me want to read more by giving 'me some of the most interesting children's books available. And although I still love to go back to those books from time to time, it was only because of her that I was able to read Shakespeare by the time I was ten, and Chaucer a year later.
In later years, it was Mr. A.N. Patil, my Marathi and Hindi Teacher who made a huge impression on me. Every lesson he took, was spiced with half a dozen or more anecdotes from a wide variety of subjects: among them history, politics, religion and sociology. I was, and still am in awe of his knowledge, which despite rather desperate attempts, I doubt I'll ever be able to match.
There have also been other teachers who helped me to try to become independent: to think and act for myself using my own judgement, which to my mind has been just as, if not more important, than actually learning anything.
After all, it's much too easy to become a completely useless repository of facts and little else.
Two teachers whom I remember in particular are Mrs. Cynthia Nesamani and Sister Monica, both taught me in school. The former, by and large, gave me a free rein to do what I wanted to do. I, being one of those people who dislike instructions, she helped me to produce much better results than I'd have otherwise done.
B2.Complete
Read the extract and complete the following:
The teacher can
(i) .............
(ii) ..............
(iii )..............
(iv).................
B3. Similar word
Look at the following sentences arid pick the word having similar meaning to the given word and rewrite:
(i) Spiced His conversation is always with a lot of humour. (made interesting, garnished, flavoured)
(ii) Repository
The library should not merely be a ................ of books. (store-house, reservoir, tank)
(iii) Inculcate
It is the responsibility of the parents and teachers to .......values in the child's formative years. (imbibe, give, show)
(iv) Incredibly
I have been .. lucky to have at least one such teacher at every stage in my life. (importantly, unbelievably, beautifully)
B4. Language study
(i) There have also been other teachers. They have helped me to try to become
independent. (Combine using 'who')
(ii) It was only because of her that I was able-to read Shakespeare.
(Rewrite beginning with: If it was not for her, ).
B.5 Out motivators
Look at the following table and complete it by presenting your own views
| Personalities | Influence on your life |
| (i) Teachers | |
| (ii) Parents | |
| (iii) Relatives | |
| (iv) Friends |
Attempt the following in 150-200 words.
What was the incident of the Frost King? How did it affect Helen?
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
That for themselves a cooling covert make
"Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with the sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
..................
(a) Identify the poem and the poet.
(b) What is the role of the clear rills?
(c) How has the mid forest brake become rich?
(d) Name the figure of speech in 'cooling covert'.
Astrologers' perceptions are based more on hearsay and conjecture than what they learn from the study of the stars. Comment with reference to the story.
How do Shahid and the writer react to the knowledge that Shahid is going to die?
“I have done something; oh, God! I've done something real at last.” Why does Andrew say this? What does it mean?
Poetry and science are incompatible.
Comment on the lines that make you visualise the colourful image of the peacock.
How does Forster trace the human interest in the story to primitive times?
Discuss the importance of time in the narration of a story.
Read the extract 'Being Neighborly' and complete the following statement:
In order to tidy the room, Jo __________________.
Find from the story one word for the following.
the highest-ranking official who commands a ship ______
Find from the story one word for the following.
a low constant sound made by cats ______
Add the appropriate Prefix to make the following word opposite in meaning.
continue
Find proof from the poem for the following.
The poet’s minute observations of the steady growth of the cherry tree.
Building a bridge needs careful planning. Think about what goes on before the actual construction begins.
- Proper planning
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
- ________________
Say where . . . . . . .
______ do squirrels store their food?
Match the terms in ‘A’ with their explanation in ‘B’.
| 'A' | 'B' | ||
| (1) | tooth- extraction | (a) | a cut made for surgery |
| (2) | cardiac | (b) | having length, breadth, and depth |
| (3) | sedative | (c) | plastic surgery |
| (4) | tumor | (d) | related to the heart |
| (5) | incision | (e) | a control unit for a robotic surgery |
| (6) | a console | (f) | removing a decayed tooth |
| (7) | 3-D | (g) | a substance that makes a person sleep |
| (8) | Cushing clip | (h) | an extra growth in the body |
| (i) | a device to stop blood loss in neurosurgery |
What would happen if children didn’t go to school? Discuss the question in groups of 5-8 and prepare a short composition on it.
Imagine you are the Crane. What actions and words of the Peacock would you not like? Write about it in short.
State whether the following statement is True or False:
Titania falls in love with an ass.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What does the man who misses all the fun do?
What are the games/play activities, entertainments that use a wheel?
Guess the meaning of the following from the context.
Dawn wakes the starling.
Imagine that there is a Mr Somebody who has to correct all the wrongs that are done by Mr Nobody. Write in the following table, what Mr Somebody will have to do.
| Mr Nobody’s Actions | Tasks for Mr Somebody |
| 1. The plate is broken / cracked | Mend the plate. / Throw it away carefully. |
| 2. The book is torn | ____________ |
| 3. The door is ajar. | ____________ |
| 4. The buttons are pulled from the shirt | ____________ |
| 5. The pins are scattered. | ____________ |
| 6. The door is still squeaking. | ____________ |
| 7. There are finger marks upon the door. | ____________ |
| 8. The ink has spilled over. | ____________ |
| 9. Boots are lying around. | ____________ |
| 10. ____________ | ____________ |
| 11. ____________ | ____________ |
Add a few more things to the list in the above table, using your own ideas and experience.
Correct the following sentence using facts from the passage.
Achilles was killed by an arrow that pierced his heart.
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Tengumai Bopsulai
Read the word. Write the words that combine to make it.
stepmother
Imagine that you are in a land of tiny people like Lilliput. Write about some of the interesting things you might see there, including animals, houses, plants, vehicles, etc. Find an interesting name for this land.
Identify the speaker/character.
‘ Remember the tiny penknife he gave me last year’.
How were offerings carried during the ancient period?
An Anagram is a word or a phrase formed by rearranging the letters of a different word or phrase, typically using all the original letters exactly once.
Now try to solve these anagrams
| 1. | ELBOW | |
| 2. | SECTION | |
| 3. | VIEWER | |
| 4. | RIPPLES | |
| 5. | NEEDLESS |
The______ of ______ are nearly run.
- soft
- vain
- fear
- joy
- love
- heard
- toiled
- mild
- good
- sand
- life
- harsh
Read the following lines and answer the questions.
It’s part of his hours, his days and his years,
Back of his smiles and behind his tears.
What does ‘tears’ mean?
Identify the speaker/character.
Don't worry, Madam, it's only a warning.
Identify the speaker/character.
He'll have to be given artificial respiration and kept warm.
Geetha madam couldn’t stop the children running out of the train because they ______.
What does ‘charges along like troops in a battle’ mean?
Why did the crowd gather by the side of the pond?
_____ is called the red planet.
How did Santhosh record his diary?
The Chinese troops attacked the lonely Indian post located in ______.
What did you learn from this lesson?
Fruits and shadows are free under the _______.
Why did the bird catcher need fire?
Why did everyone ridicule the boy?
Choose the best answer.
Suddenly there was a______.
What did the five friends call themselves?
Answer the following yes or no question.
Did Bujju realise his mistake?
Parents never let us get ______.
_____ fights with everyone in school.
Fill in the blank with rhyming word.
tree- ______
Jana and her family moved to the village _______ ago.
Read the passage carefully and answer the following question.
What is the main idea of the story?
Match the rhyming words.
| strokes | floor |
| shore | rush |
| brush | chokes |
The child won’t ______ anything, if he closes his ears.
Read the passage given below and make notes.
To match the best cities across the world, the Government of India initiated ‘smart cities’ to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people. The agenda under smart city promises to resolve urban sustainability problems. Urban forests provide a range of important ecosystem services that are critical for the sustainability of cities. Urban forestry, which is defined more as ‘Management of Trees’ contributes to the physiological, sociological and economic well-being of the society. Mangroves, lakes, grasslands, and forests in and around our cities, act as sponges that absorb the air and noise pollution and they present themselves as our cultural and recreational hotspots. However, these spots are rapidly being reclaimed and replaced in the name of development. Presence of urban green has shown to increase the economic value of the place.
Urban forests contribute to reduce the cost of building storm water drain systems for municipalities and neutralizing urban heat island effect. Plants not only provide shade but also help in regulating the micro-climate. They help regulate energy budgets, improve air quality, and curtail noise pollution. Trees, herbs, shrubs, and grasses arrest sedimentation and prevent other pollutants from entering our water systems. This will give a chance for our urban lakes and rivers to recover and help improve aquatic ecosystems. Biodiversity also gets a boost through the urban forestsand helps create corridors connecting the forest areas. High biodiversity areas can also help to build resilient ecosystems. Availability of forests within our urban areas gives an opportunity for children to connect to the natural environment and learn about native species.
Write compound word using the pictures.
 |
+ |  |
| ____________ | ||
Read the following sentence.
‘A very wise man once remarked that of the unspoken word, you are a master; of the spoken word, you are a slave.’
The sentence has two pairs of opposites - spoken and unspoken, and master and slave. The contrasting ideas make the sentence more effective. Putting together opposite or contrasting ideas in one sentence is a literary device. It is called antithesis.
Read the following examples of antithesis.
- Give every man thy ear, but few thy voice.
- Man proposes and God disposes.
- Speech is silver, but silence is gold.
- Patience is bitter, but it has a sweet fruit.
