Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
'New Literature' is a misnomer for the wealth of the Indian Literary tradition. How does G. N. Devy explain this?
Advertisements
उत्तर
According to the essayist, the tribal Literature should not be called 'New Literature' as this has been in existence for many years. The songs and stories of the tribals have been transmitted orally and as these have not been written down so many people have been unaware of them. The essayist contradicts the views of the western literary critics who have termed tribal literature as 'New Literature'. He says that there is nothing new in this, what might be new is the present attempt to see imaginative expression in tribal language not as folklore but as literature and to hear tribal speech not as a dialect but as a language.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
B1. Select
Fill in the blanks choosing the correct alternatives from those given in the bracket:
(i) The author was inspired and motivated to read ............................................ by the time she was eleven.
[Shakespeare, Chaucer, G.B. Shaw]
(ii) Every lesson .......................... ......... took was spiced with half a dozen or more anecdotes.
[Mrs. Rowlands, Sister Monica, Mr. A.N. Patil]
(iii) The teachers helped the narrator to become ..................................... . .
[confident, happy, independent]
(iv) Mrs. Cynthia Nesamani and Sister Monica gave .......................................... to the narrator.
[freedom to do what he wanted, advice to do something, instructions to produce better results]
In a way, one of the greatest gifts any teacher can give a student, I think, is to inculcate a curiosity to learn.
I've been incredibly lucky to have at least one such teacher at every stage in my life. The first was Mrs. Rowlands who taught me in primary school. She taught me to read without ever pushing me. She made me want to read more by giving 'me some of the most interesting children's books available. And although I still love to go back to those books from time to time, it was only because of her that I was able to read Shakespeare by the time I was ten, and Chaucer a year later.
In later years, it was Mr. A.N. Patil, my Marathi and Hindi Teacher who made a huge impression on me. Every lesson he took, was spiced with half a dozen or more anecdotes from a wide variety of subjects: among them history, politics, religion and sociology. I was, and still am in awe of his knowledge, which despite rather desperate attempts, I doubt I'll ever be able to match.
There have also been other teachers who helped me to try to become independent: to think and act for myself using my own judgement, which to my mind has been just as, if not more important, than actually learning anything.
After all, it's much too easy to become a completely useless repository of facts and little else.
Two teachers whom I remember in particular are Mrs. Cynthia Nesamani and Sister Monica, both taught me in school. The former, by and large, gave me a free rein to do what I wanted to do. I, being one of those people who dislike instructions, she helped me to produce much better results than I'd have otherwise done.
B2.Complete
Read the extract and complete the following:
The teacher can
(i) .............
(ii) ..............
(iii )..............
(iv).................
B3. Similar word
Look at the following sentences arid pick the word having similar meaning to the given word and rewrite:
(i) Spiced His conversation is always with a lot of humour. (made interesting, garnished, flavoured)
(ii) Repository
The library should not merely be a ................ of books. (store-house, reservoir, tank)
(iii) Inculcate
It is the responsibility of the parents and teachers to .......values in the child's formative years. (imbibe, give, show)
(iv) Incredibly
I have been .. lucky to have at least one such teacher at every stage in my life. (importantly, unbelievably, beautifully)
B4. Language study
(i) There have also been other teachers. They have helped me to try to become
independent. (Combine using 'who')
(ii) It was only because of her that I was able-to read Shakespeare.
(Rewrite beginning with: If it was not for her, ).
B.5 Out motivators
Look at the following table and complete it by presenting your own views
| Personalities | Influence on your life |
| (i) Teachers | |
| (ii) Parents | |
| (iii) Relatives | |
| (iv) Friends |
Read the passage carefully.
1. I remember my childhood as being generally happy and can recall experiencing some of the most carefree times of my life. But I can also remember, even more vividly, moments of being deeply frightened. As a child, I was truly terrified of the dark and getting lost. These fears were very real and caused me some extremely uncomfortable moments.
2. Maybe it was the strange way things looked and sounded in my familiar room at night that scared me so much. There was never total darkness, but a street light or passing car lights made clothes hung over a chair take on the shape of an unknown beast. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw curtains move when there was no breeze. A tiny creak in the floor would sound a hundred times louder than in the daylight and my imagination would take over, creating burglars and monsters. Darkness always made me feel helpless. My heart would pound and I would lie very still so that 'the enemy' wouldn't discover me.
3. Another childhood fear of mine was that I would get lost, especially on the way home from school. Every morning, I got on the school bus right near my home ‒ that was no problem. After school, though, when all the buses were lined up along the curve, I was terrified that I would get on the wrong one and be taken to some unfamiliar neighbourhood. I would scan the bus for the faces of my friends, make sure that the bus driver was the same one that had been there in the morning, and even then ask the others over and over again to be sure I was in the right bus. On school or family trips to an amusement park or a museum, I wouldn't let the leaders out of my sight. And of course, I was never very adventurous when it came to taking walks or hikes because I would go only where I was sure I would never get lost.
4. Perhaps, one of the worst fears I had as a child was that of not being liked or accepted by others. First of all, I was quite shy. Secondly, I worried constantly about my looks, thinking people wouldn't like me because I was too fat or wore braces. I tried to wear 'the right clothes' and had intense arguments with my mother over the importance of wearing flats instead of saddled shoes to school. Being popular was very important to me then and the fear of not being liked was a powerful one.
5. One of the processes of evolving from a child to an adult is being able to recognise and overcome our fears. I have learnt that darkness does not have to take on a life of its own, that others can help me when I am lost and that friendliness and sincerity will encourage people to like me. Understanding the things that scared us as children helps to cope with our lives as adults.
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes using headings and subheadings. Use recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary.
(b) Make a summary of the passage in not more than 80 words using the notes made and also suggest a suitable title.
Answer any four of the following in 30-40 words each:
(a) Why was the peddler amused at the idea of the world being a rattrap?
(b) Why did Gandhiji agree to a settlement of mere 25 percent?
(c) Aunt Jennifer's efforts to get rid of her fear proved to be futile. Comment.
(d) What does Stephen Spender want to be done for the children of the school in a slum?
(e) How did the ten-day-old baby (the future Tiger King) react to the prediction about his future made by the astrologers?
(f) Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad along with the troops?
Notice these expression in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
careered down
Discuss in groups of four.
The reasons why people willingly undergo the travails of difficult journeys.
Discuss the following in pairs
Empathy and understanding are going out of modern society. The individual experiences intense alienation from the society around him or her.
What impressions of Shahid do you gather from the piece?
'Luck is necessary for success in life'.
Comment on the symbols used in ‘A Munda Song’. What aspect of the tribal worldview do they reflect?
What are the criteria that Ruskin feels that readers should fulfil to make themselves fit for the company of the Dead?
How does the nightingale's song plunge the poet into a state of ecstasy?
Read the following statement and mark those that apply to you.
I have a small group of close friends and have no wish to interact with anyone else.
Find proof from the poem for the following.
The colour imagery in the poem.
A small thought, put in action, led to a great achievement. Pick out the lines from the beginning and end of the poem and explain their significance.
Read the story and choose the appropriate meaning.
Wielded the brush ____________.
Correct the following statement.
Sue ignored Johnsy completely.
Correct the following statement.
Behrman was a very heartless person.
What is the Rhyme scheme of stanzas 1 to 3 and the last two stanzas?
How does it differ in the remaining stanzas 4 to 7?
Select any four zoo animals mentioned in the poem. Imagine they are able to talk in English. Compose a dialogue among the four animals discussing their discomfort and illnesses.
Do you have a pet?
Go through the poem and state whether the following statement is true or false.
Planners paint beautiful pictures of the upcoming changes in the city that charm the citizens.
Select a season of your choice and give the following details:
- Time of the year -
- Characteristics- crops, festivals, etc.
- Features/changes - climate/weather/temperature etc.
- Advantages/Disadvantages -
Expansion of Idea:
Expand the following idea in about 100-150 words by using the points.
'Beauty is truth, truth beauty'.
- Meaning of the proverb
- Significance of the proverb
- Add your own points.
The ______ bees make honey from nectar.
What characteristics are needed to be a good player of Kabaddi? What should you do to develop each? Discuss this in groups of 5 and write a composition on it.
Read the passage and answer the following question:
What is seen on the obverse and reverse of the PVC medal?
What is described in the poem?
Explain the following statement with reference to the context.
And then, once the ring's broken, we'll get to work and show the public every day just how incompetent the Mayor is!
Have you seen a newborn young one of an animal?
The merchant ships brought spices and other treasures from India and other countries to Italy.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage:
The king was determined to prevent his beloved son from ____________.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage:
He realised that making the body suffer was not ____________.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage:
To this day, we venerate this tree as ____________.
Read aloud a paragraph of your choice from the passage.
Read the passage and name the following.
He was killed by a poisoned arrow that entered his heel.
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
I ______ just as I was to receive my Report Card.
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
Before we do the experiment in the Laboratory, let me ______ you all about it.
Mention the various places that the brook flows past.
Read the poem and answer the following.
What are the two different ways of eating strawberries?
Name the following.
Not comfortable with the wet ground.
Discuss how you will measure the worth of a sports event.
Enact the play.
Find two examples of the following from the lesson.
A Question
Ask your parents or other grown-ups to show you some used notes. Observe them carefully. Have they been used properly? Write your observations.
What is the ‘Internet’?
What is the world wide web?
Mention the things that the grandfather imagined.
Where did Raj’s mother send him?
Amuthan locked the door behind him.
It ploughs soil before _________.
Jaswant managed to kill _________ Chinese soldiers.
Read scene I of the play carefully and answer the questions below.
Tabaqui acts as ______ to the pack of wolves.
Vicky pleaded his father to buy a robot.
Choose the odd one out.
Speak and win.
Join in one of the two groups. Choose two characters. Support or oppose any one of the characters. Say some sentences for the one you support and say some sentences against the other one, to win.
| I support | I oppose |
What happened to Jayan?
Ani valued honesty.
The child won’t ______ anything, if he closes his ears.
What secrets did he learn about beasts?
