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प्रश्न
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
'It is time to realise that unless we modify the established notion of literature as something written, we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions'
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उत्तर
Literature is usually thought of including those compositions like poetry and prose which are written. But going by this notion, one may miss the aesthetic beauty of the compositions as prevalent in many oral traditions. There is another stream of literature containing compositions which are rich both thematically and aesthetically. But as we have a rigid criteria of regarding compositions as literature only when these are written so these do not get the status of literature. This is the case with many Indian oral traditions. Unless we modify our notions of literature there is every possibility that we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions.
Another perspective
Oral literary tradition is not a unique phenomenon in India. Oral traditions have been in existence in all parts of the world. Oral traditions do not die out because of their very nature of being transmitted
orally. So it hardly matters whether we modify our notion about literature or not , the oral traditions will continue to exist. What needs to be done is promotion of oral literary tradition through patronage of the state.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Maggu’s achievements are particularly noteworthy because – as is well known – academic institutions in India are less than sold on the idea of inclusive education. In fact, when Maggu lost her sight in class IV, her school (which she declines to name) expelled her while suggesting she attend a “blind school”. Though shocked, Maggu rejected the advice. “Attending a special school would have tarred me with a handicap forever, which was not how I saw my future. Therefore I did the rounds of other public schools with my father, a small – time merchant, explaining that my case was different Since I had vision till the age of ten,” she recalls.
Impressed by her persistence and ambition, Delhi’s Bluebells School not only admitted her but pulled out all the stops to support her in academics sporting events and also notched up a respectable 73 percent average in the class XII exam with the help of Braille, interactive textbooks and extra coaching.
The respectable average in her CBSE exam paved the way for admission into LSR where again she proved her mettle by winning medals in a slew of inter – collage events (100 200 and 400 metre sprints) high jump, long jump, javelin and discuss throw: resulting in her being declared ‘Athlete of the year’ 2003’ at a sports meet for 100 physically challenged athletes. And the cherry on the cake was the selection to the IBSA Games last year. “It was a tough regimen,” recalls Maggu. “I had to attend sports camps manage my studies and officiates as sports president. But I managed.”
Questions:
(1) What qualities of Maggu are highlighted in this passage?
(2) Why did Maggu refuse to attend a ‘blind school’?
(3) Quote the lines that show that Jyoti Maggu was good in academics as well as in sports.
(4) Use any two phrases in sentences of your own :
(a) To win laurels
(b) To pave the way
(c) To prove one’s mettle
(d) A tough regimen
(5)
(a) I did the rounds of other public schools with my father [Change the voice]
(b) though shocked Maggu rejected the advice [Rewrite as a simple sentence]
(6) Should the physically challenged be sent to special schools? Express your views.
Attempt the following in 150-200 words.
Bring out the importance of the diary in Anne's life.
Big male elephants throw logs at electric fences because
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
Why do you think Professor Gaitonde decided never to preside over meetings again?
Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to give vent to
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
Because India's tribal communities are basically bilingual there is a danger of dismissing their languages as dialects of India's major tongues.
How did Kumudini react to her mother's death?
Name the world-famous personality who reached great heights despite of humble circumstances.
Add the appropriate Prefix to make the following word opposite in meaning.
continue
Read the poem below and fill in the gaps, choosing appropriate pairs of rhyming words, to make them meaningful.
|
Little things Little drops of water, Thus the little minutes, Little deeds of kindness, |
(love - above / sand - land / be - eternity)
Using points from the lesson, give the details of the following in a short paragraph.
International Kite Festival at Ahmedabad.
Correct the following statement.
The last leaf was a real leaf that survived.
The poem is a Petrarchan Sonnet. The poem is divided into two parts -
- An Octave
The first part comprising eight lines. - A sestet
The second part comprising six lines.
Read the first four lines of the poem. The rhyme scheme is a b b a. Read the rhyme scheme for the next four lines. It is a b b a. Now read the first three lines of the sestet and note the rhyme scheme. It is c d c. The rhyme scheme of the last three lines is d c d. This is the common design of a Petrarchan Sonnet.
This is a Petrarchan Sonnet. Complete the given table by giving examples from the poem.
| Features | Examples / Lines |
| Objects used | |
| Praise/blames | |
| Metaphor | |
| Simile | |
| Personification | |
| Number of lines | |
| Rhyme scheme |
Discuss in groups and share with one another.
How your family relaxes on weekends.
Say where . . . . . . .
______ do squirrels store their food?
What is the Rhyme scheme of stanzas 1 to 3 and the last two stanzas?
How does it differ in the remaining stanzas 4 to 7?
Match the professions with the field of work.
| Profession | Field of work | ||
| (1) | Chief Minister | (a) | Business |
| (2) | Magistrate | (b) | Transport |
| (3) | Soldier | (c) | Construction |
| (4) | Trader | (d) | Administration |
| (5) | Builder | (e) | Education |
| (6) | Driver | (f) | Defence |
| (7) | Teacher | (g) | Law |
Visit a library: Find the stories of
- Mulla Nasiruddin
- Gopal Bhand and
- Tenali Raman. Share them in the class.
Language Study: Degrees of comparison.
We use different forms of adjectives and adverbs to show comparison. They are known as degrees of comparison.
- Positive: Mangesh was as strong as Ravi.
She is as tall as her sister. - Comparative: Mangesh was stronger than other players.
She is taller than her sister. - Superlative: Mangesh was the strongest player in the team.
Their sister is the tallest amongst the three.
Explain the term plot.
Answer the following question in one sentence.
Who misses all the fun?
Answer the following question in one sentence.
What examples of man’s progress have been given in the poem?
Write a conversation between a donkey and a dog.
What did the Clean Brigade do?
Link the items in the three columns properly.
| A | B | C |
| The past | A sea beneath a cloudless sun | A pleasant time which has ended |
| The present hour | A soft and mild autumn evening | An exciting, thrilling time which has no end. |
| The future | A green and flowery spray Where a young bird sits | A time, full of life in which you gather strength |
Prepare a short note on sea turtles with the help of the information given in the passage.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which _______________.
What changes do we see in the life of human beings when the season changes? Write with reference to their clothes.
Answer in your own words.
What chores did the boys from 1000 CE and 1st Century CE, do on their farms/fields?
Write the symbol that is used in the poem to represent the following idea.
Choice of two options.
Which lines are repeated in the poem? What do they mean?
Name the following.
Not comfortable with the wet ground.
Write some more expressions like ‘hundreds of’. Expand each expression.
Example, ‘Hundreds of children in the school.’
What does a farmer need most for his fields?
Guess the meaning of on the wing.
The narrator searched for three days to buy ceramic paint.
Gilson asked the narrator to buy a tie.
“Was it just the wind?”– What do you think Usha thought it was? Why?
Read the comic strip and answer the following question.
Which website do you often access? Why?
How can we make our life worth living?
Why does Alice drink from the bottle that says ‘DRINK ME’ and why does she eat from the cake that says ‘EAT ME’?
Neerja had a sour marriage due to______.
Identify the speaker/character.
Don't worry, Madam, it's only a warning.
Why did the author help his Grandfather plant trees?
_____ is called the red planet.
A ________ dies for the nation.
Find the rhyming word from the poem.
Country - ______.
Where did Anitha go?
Choose the odd one out.
Rosy ______a bicycle.
The pigeon flew away for dry twigs.
Choose the correct answer.
Read the advertisement and answer the question given below.
What is the name of the dealer?
Moles dig ______ to catch earth worms.
How does she move the brush?
What was his dream ?
What was the truth finally learned by Chris?
Why did he go there?
Read the passage given below and make notes.
To match the best cities across the world, the Government of India initiated ‘smart cities’ to drive economic growth and improve the quality of life of people. The agenda under smart city promises to resolve urban sustainability problems. Urban forests provide a range of important ecosystem services that are critical for the sustainability of cities. Urban forestry, which is defined more as ‘Management of Trees’ contributes to the physiological, sociological and economic well-being of the society. Mangroves, lakes, grasslands, and forests in and around our cities, act as sponges that absorb the air and noise pollution and they present themselves as our cultural and recreational hotspots. However, these spots are rapidly being reclaimed and replaced in the name of development. Presence of urban green has shown to increase the economic value of the place.
Urban forests contribute to reduce the cost of building storm water drain systems for municipalities and neutralizing urban heat island effect. Plants not only provide shade but also help in regulating the micro-climate. They help regulate energy budgets, improve air quality, and curtail noise pollution. Trees, herbs, shrubs, and grasses arrest sedimentation and prevent other pollutants from entering our water systems. This will give a chance for our urban lakes and rivers to recover and help improve aquatic ecosystems. Biodiversity also gets a boost through the urban forestsand helps create corridors connecting the forest areas. High biodiversity areas can also help to build resilient ecosystems. Availability of forests within our urban areas gives an opportunity for children to connect to the natural environment and learn about native species.
