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प्रश्न
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
'It is time to realise that unless we modify the established notion of literature as something written, we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions'
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उत्तर
Literature is usually thought of including those compositions like poetry and prose which are written. But going by this notion, one may miss the aesthetic beauty of the compositions as prevalent in many oral traditions. There is another stream of literature containing compositions which are rich both thematically and aesthetically. But as we have a rigid criteria of regarding compositions as literature only when these are written so these do not get the status of literature. This is the case with many Indian oral traditions. Unless we modify our notions of literature there is every possibility that we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions.
Another perspective
Oral literary tradition is not a unique phenomenon in India. Oral traditions have been in existence in all parts of the world. Oral traditions do not die out because of their very nature of being transmitted
orally. So it hardly matters whether we modify our notion about literature or not , the oral traditions will continue to exist. What needs to be done is promotion of oral literary tradition through patronage of the state.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:
That for themselves a cooling covert make
"Gainst the hot season; the mid forest brake,
Rich with the sprinkling of fair musk-rose blooms;
..................
(a) Identify the poem and the poet.
(b) What is the role of the clear rills?
(c) How has the mid forest brake become rich?
(d) Name the figure of speech in 'cooling covert'.
Answer the following in 200-250 words :
Describe the relationship between Anne and Margot?
Briefly comment on:
The author’s meeting with Norbu.
What is the central argument of the speaker?
'Whose roots lay deeper than our lives' – what aspect of human behaviour does this line reflect?
What are the unpleasant aspects of the human condition that the poet wants to escape from?
Write down in your own words the way Laurie confirmed the names of the March sisters.
Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group can prepare a decorative chart/poster using an epigrammatic line from the poem. You may use calligraphy/painting/or Paint program on a computer. (With permission, put up these charts in your school.)
Using a dictionary/internet note down the main difference between a developing nation and a developed nation.
Read the lesson and name the following.
A sack around the heart ______
What do fairy-tale witches do?
Describe the following with the help of the story.
The fabric is woven by Thiruvalluvar
Correct the given sentence with justification.
The play is restricted to only a part of the woods.
Portia had many brothers and sisters.
What two basic rules were followed in the Science Fair?
Gather more information about the following from your Science textbook, the internet, and other sources.
Gravitational force
What changes do we see in the life of human beings when the season changes? Write with reference to their clothes.
Complete the following diagram.
Write the symbol that is used in the poem to represent the following idea.
Equally good options.
Find the meaning of the following words or phrases :
- ridges
- brimming
- eddying
- babble
- fallow
- trout
- netted
Find the meaning of the following word.
abused
Read the word. Write the words that combine to make it.
springtime
List and say whether the following statement agrees with the passage or not.
You should try to talk most of the time whenever there is a discussion.
In what way can we help to reduce or minimize waste generation?
Discuss the issue in groups of 4 or 5 and note down all good suggestions.
Resolve to follow them yourself. Some have been given below for your reference.
- Don’t waste food.
- Take as much as you want but finish everything that’s on your plate.
- Don’t throw away broken or half-used things. Repair them and use them.
- Avoid things which can be used only once.
For example: thermocol (polysterene) cups, plastic glasses, etc. - Reuse!
- Recycle!
What did Anshuman’s father compare bad habits to?
Read the following and say whether the statement tells you about a fact or whether it is imaginary.
There is a man in the Moon.
List all the pairs of antonyms you find in the passage.
Identify the speaker/character.
‘ The one that spits deadly poison straight into its opponent’s eyes.’
Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:
You’re both quite mistaken.
Dr. Krishnan ........…………………….
Mrs. Krishnan……....…………………
What commotion did the boomerang cause in the neighborhood?
Write the name of the toys against each picture.
What did the coach teach the child?
Identify the character/speaker.
I'll see you later at the Queen's croquet game.
drenched – thoroughly wet
He is drenched to the skin. ______
Read the poem aloud in groups.
Work in pairs and answer the following.
Pick out the rhyming words.
Vasantha’s imagination run wild because ______.
There are seven kinds of sea turtles in the world.
Why did the author help his Grandfather plant trees?
According to the author the tendril was moving towards grandfather because it______.
Who came to India from Portugal in search of pepper?
Why did Muthu and his friends step out of the train?
Gulliver was the captain of the ship.
Jaswant was helped by __________ tribal girls.
Brain of a robot is the______.
Look at the picture and Choose the correct word.
Write the rhyming word.
Tree - ______.
Meena's village was hit by waves on a______.
Find and write the clues.
Clue for lost teeth ______.
Number the actions of Pandi and Nandhini in order.
When does the world become green?
Rani thought of herself as a _______ engineer.
Match with their storing places.
We shouldn't ______ ever.
Appa weaves beautiful sarees with______.
Does the child in the poem like her nose? Why do you think so?
Are these sentence TRUE or FALSE
The poet tells the child to think of friends after it is dark.
What should parents do to ensure cyber safety for their wards? (Any three points)
Read the passage below:
| 1. | Our history makes it evident that the Indian Plastics Industry made a vigorous beginning in 1957 but it took more than 30 years for it to pervade Indian lifestyles. In 1979, "the market for plastics' was just being seeded by the state-owned Indian Petro-Chemicals and it was only in 1994 that plastic soft drink bottles became a visible source of annoyance. |
| 2. | In the same year, people in other cities were concerned about the state of public sanitation and also urged regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags. However, the challenge was greater than it appeared at first. |
| 3. |
The massive generation of plastic waste in India is due to rapid urbanisation, spread of retail chains, plastic packaging from grocery to food and vegetable products, to consumer items and cosmetics. The projected high growth rates of GDP and continuing rapid urbanisation suggest that India's trajectory of plastic consumption and plastic waste is likely to increase.
|
| 4. | According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report of 2018, India stands among few other countries like France, Mongolia and several African countries that have initiated total or partial nationallevel bans on plastics in their jurisdictions. On World Environment Day in 2018, India vowed to phase out single-use plastics by 2022, which gave a much needed impetus to bring this change |
| 5. | In this context, thereafter ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu) are currently sending their collected waste to cement plants for co-processing, twelve other states/UTs are using plastic waste for polymer bitumen road construction and still four other states are using the plastic waste for waste-to-energy plants and oil production. A world of greater possibilities has now opened up to initiate appropriate and concrete actions to build up the necessary institutions and systems before oceans turn, irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic. |
| 6. | However there is no one single masterstroke to counter the challenges witnessed by the staggering plastic waste management in the country. The time is now to formulate robust and inclusive National Action Plans and while doing so, the country will establish greater transparency to combat the plastic jeopardy in a more sustainable and holistic way. |
Based on your understanding of the passage answer any six out of the seven questions given below:
- What does the writer mean by 'visible source of annoyance'?
- Why did people demand a ban on plastics?
- What created a demand for plastics in India?
- With reference to the graph write one conclusion that can be drawn about the production of plastics in 2019 (approximately).
- What does the upward trend of the graph indicate?
- What does the line, oceans turning 'irreversibly into a thin soup of plastic', suggest?
- What step must be taken to combat the challenges of plastic waste management? What will be its impact?
Collect the outer coverings of fast food items. Discuss the following points in groups and then write your observations in your notebook.
- Ingredients
- Manufactured by
- Net weight
- Veg or Non-veg
- Recipe
- Nutrition facts
- MRP
- Mfg date
- Website
- Other instructions, if any
