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प्रश्न
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
'It is time to realise that unless we modify the established notion of literature as something written, we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions'
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उत्तर
Literature is usually thought of including those compositions like poetry and prose which are written. But going by this notion, one may miss the aesthetic beauty of the compositions as prevalent in many oral traditions. There is another stream of literature containing compositions which are rich both thematically and aesthetically. But as we have a rigid criteria of regarding compositions as literature only when these are written so these do not get the status of literature. This is the case with many Indian oral traditions. Unless we modify our notions of literature there is every possibility that we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions.
Another perspective
Oral literary tradition is not a unique phenomenon in India. Oral traditions have been in existence in all parts of the world. Oral traditions do not die out because of their very nature of being transmitted
orally. So it hardly matters whether we modify our notion about literature or not , the oral traditions will continue to exist. What needs to be done is promotion of oral literary tradition through patronage of the state.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Answer any four of the following questions in 30-40 words each :
(a) Why was Franz not scolded for reaching the school late that day?
(b) Sophie was dreaming of so many things in her life. What were they?
(c) Why are the youngsters described as springing? (My Mother at Sixty-six)
(d) In the hot season, how do man and beast get comfort? (A Thing of Beauty)
(e) How did the Maharaja deal with a high ranking British officer who wanted to shoot a tiger?
(f) Having got rid of his stink, what problem did Roger Skunk face?
Answer any four of the following in 30 − 40 words each :
(a) What does Saheb look for in the garbage dumps?
(b) How was Gandhi treated at Rajendra Prasad's house?
(c) Why does one feel 'a sudden strangeness' on counting to twelve and keeping quiet?
(d) Mention any two things which cause pain and suffering. (A Thing of Beauty)
(e) When was the Tiger King in danger of losing his throne?
(f) What role did the American professor play in bringing Hana and Sadao together?
Answer any four of the following questions in 30 - 40 words each :
(a) What kind of gold did the people of Seemapuri look for in the garbage ? (Lost Spring)
(b) Why did Gandhi tell the court that he was involved in a 'conflict of duties' ?
(c) How do we get joy from life which is otherwise full of sorrows ? (A Thing of Beauty)
(d) For Aunt Jennifer, what do the tigers symbolise ?
(e) What made the chief astrologer place his finger on his nose ? (The Tiger King)
(f) On the seventh day after the American soldier was found by Dr. Sadao two things happened. Why did Hana feel scared of the second ?
Does the poem talk of an exclusively personal experience or is it fairly universal?
Discuss the following statement in groups of two pairs, each pair in a group taking opposite points of view.
Why do you think Professor Gaitonde decided never to preside over meetings again?
What do you think is the message that the author seems to convey through the story?
Examine the communication channels in the story between Basset and Paul's uncle.
'New Literature' is a misnomer for the wealth of the Indian Literary tradition. How does G. N. Devy explain this?
While tribal communities may not seem to possess the scientific temper,there are many ideas from tribal conventions that could enrich modern societies.
What message does this story bring out for youngsters?
The word 'report' means -
(a) Give a spoken or written account of something.
(b) Cover an event or subject as a journalist or reporter.
Think and answer in your own words in your notebook.
Why does the poet appeal to us, to respect the life of a worm?
Discuss in your class.
Do you like to study science?
Write 3 to 4 lines about the following in your own words.
'Sushruta Samhita'
The ______ bees make honey from nectar.
Use the following word/phrase to make a sentence of your own.
enthusiasm
Answer the following question in short.
Why was Tenali Raman summoned to the court?
How are fabrics used in our daily life? List all the things that are made up of fabrics in your home. (At least 25)
The characters are a part of the stage setting. How does this reflect when the characters of the play range from the Duke and the Indian boy to the faeries?
Look at the following words carefully for one minute. Now close your book and try to write down as many of the words as you can remember.
| crust, tremendous, lava, crater, volcanic, tsunami, island, extinct, disaster, dormant, eruption, plume, inland, molten, active, coast |
Form groups and hold debates on the following topic. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each).
Boys cannot cook or do any housework.
Form groups and hold debates on the following topics. Make bulleted lists of points in favour of the topic (pros) and those against it (cons). (3-6 points each)
You should never lose a match.
Think carefully for a minute.
Jog your memory and recall all the things/objects on which you have seen wheels. Write them down
Hold a mock trial for the following offence. There should be a complainant, a defendant, and lawyers to argue the case on behalf of them. The whole class can vote to pass the judgment. On what occasions will you plead for justice? What punishment will you suggest? When will you plead for mercy?
A poor man stole some ornaments from a rich girl.
How did the students prepare for their stalls/presentations?
What does the poet want to do?
What do the following event/action tell us about the characters? Discuss.
Arthur agreed to bring Sir Kay a sword at once.
Think and answer:
Is the poet talking about heavy rains in the rainy season or rain that has come after a long time?
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
At the back rose the high peak of Mount Ida, from which _______________.
Find one example of the following given below from the poem: Metaphor
Answer the following question and write in short, why the parody sounds funny.
Why does the bee work hour after hour?
Complete the following phrases with the help of the poem.
- ______ music
- ______ rivers
- ______ breeze
- ______ lake
- ______ citron-trees
Which lines are repeated in the poem? What do they mean?
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Taffimai Metallumai
Describe the following with the help of the (The Twelve Months) story.
Springtime
Name the following.
Captain of the Indian Team.
Why did he spill the milk?
Guess the meaning of the following word.
pleasing
"That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." Neil Armstrong - Discuss
Identify the character or speaker.
I will soon move you.
Why had Prospero raised a violent storm in the sea?
Read the incident again and answer the following question.
What did Gilson want the writer to bring for him?
Mention at least two expressions which shows that Mrs. Krishnan was not willing to have Zigzag at home?
Write about Hamid in one or two sentences.
Why did Granny scold Hamid?
He always had lunch with his family.
Read the line and answer the question.
And the wheel’s kick and the winds song and the white sail’s shaking
What according to the poet are the pleasures of sailing?
Ridleys come to lay their eggs in the month of January.
Women/Men can achieve anything, provided they put their heart and soul into it. Discuss in the class. Do you think being a man or a woman makes a difference?
The girl was badly hurt.
Vicky’s father decided to change his son’s character.
Write the rhyming word.
Nature - ______.
Anbu got ______ fish this week.
Who guessed the location of the real necklace?
Guess how would the sparrow pull the elephant and the crocodile.
Finally, ______, he got permission to study Science.
The pretty little fir tree was happy with gold leaves but______.
What does the poem tell us to do?
What did Helen learn when the teacher put her hand into running water?
Read the passage and write a summary of it. Suggest a suitable title to the summary
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A sparrow is a small bird which is found throughout the world. There are many different species of sparrows. Sparrows are only about four to six inches in length. Many people appreciate their beautiful songs. Sparrows prefer to build their nests in low places-usually on the ground clumps of grass low trees and low bushes. In cities, they build their nests in building nooks or holes. They rarely build their nests in high places. They build their nests out of twigs grasses and plant fibers. Their nests are usually small and well-built structures. Female sparrows lay four to six eggs at a time. The eggs are white with reddish-brown spots. They hatch within eleven to fourteen days. Both the male and female parents care for the young. Insects are fed to the young after hatching. The large feet of the sparrows are used for scratching seeds. Adult sparrows mainly eat seeds. Sparrows can be found almost everywhere where there are humans. Many people throughout the world enjoy these delightful birds. The sparrows are some of the few birds that engage in dust bathing. Sparrows will first scratch a hole in the ground with their feet then lie in it and fling dirt or sand over their bodies with flicks of their wings. They will also bathe in water or in dry or melting snow. Water bathing is similar to dust bathing with the sparrow standing in shallow water and flicking water over its back with its wings also ducking its head under the water. Both activities are social with up to a hundred birds participating at once and are followed by preening and sometimes group singing. |
