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प्रश्न
Discuss the following in pairs or in groups of four:
'It is time to realise that unless we modify the established notion of literature as something written, we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions'
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उत्तर
Literature is usually thought of including those compositions like poetry and prose which are written. But going by this notion, one may miss the aesthetic beauty of the compositions as prevalent in many oral traditions. There is another stream of literature containing compositions which are rich both thematically and aesthetically. But as we have a rigid criteria of regarding compositions as literature only when these are written so these do not get the status of literature. This is the case with many Indian oral traditions. Unless we modify our notions of literature there is every possibility that we will silently witness the decline of various Indian oral traditions.
Another perspective
Oral literary tradition is not a unique phenomenon in India. Oral traditions have been in existence in all parts of the world. Oral traditions do not die out because of their very nature of being transmitted
orally. So it hardly matters whether we modify our notion about literature or not , the oral traditions will continue to exist. What needs to be done is promotion of oral literary tradition through patronage of the state.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
A1. (i) Two activities that mother was free to do:
(a)...........................................
(b)............................................
(ii)Two activities that children avoided doing because of television:
(a) .....................................
(b) ...................................
Oh yes, we know it keeps them still,
They don't climb out the window sill,
They never fight or kick or punch,
They leave you free to cook the lunch
And wash thedishes in the sink
But did you ever stop to think,
To wonder just exactly what
This does to your beloved tot?
It rots the sense in the head!
It kills imagination dead!
It clogs and clutters up the mind!
It makes a child so dull and blind
He can no longer understand
A fantasy, a fairyland!
His brain becomes as soft as cheese!
His power of thinking rust and freeze!
He cannot think - He only sees!
'All right!' you'll cry. 'All right!' you'll say,
'But if we take the set away,
What shall-we do to entertain
Our darling children? Please explain!'
We'll answer this by asking you,
'What used the darling ones to do?'
'How used they keep themselves contented
Before this monster was invented?'
Have you forgotten? Don't you know?
A2. According to the poem, why is excessive watching of TV harmful?
A3. His brain became as soft as cheese. The figure of speech is ..........because............
Answer any three of the following questions in 30-40 words each:
(a) What did M. Hamel tell them about the French language? What did he ask them to do and why?
(b) Why does Asokamitran call Subbu, ‘a charitable and improvident man’?
(c) How did the instructor turn Douglas into a swimmer?
(d) Why did Sophie like her brother, Geoff more than any other person?
Attempt in 120‒150 words a character sketch of Miss Sullivan.
Read the follow ing extract and answer the questions given below:
Not gold but only men can make
A people great and strong;
Men who for truth and honor's sake
Stand fast and suffer long.
Brave men who work while others sleep,
Who dare while others fly...
They build a nation's pillars deep
And lift them to the sky.
(1) What makes a nation strong?
(2) According to you, what makes India a strong and powerful nation?.
(3) Write down the rhyme scheme used in the extract.
(4) What does the phrase 'others fly ... ' mean?
Why are animals considered as intelligent as humans ?
Griffin failed not only as a son and a scientist, but also as a human being. Comment. (The Invisible Man)
Read the extract and do the following activities:
A1 Complete :
| Night |
Morning |
| (i) | (i) |
| (ii) | (ii) |
There was a roaring in the wind all night;
The rain came heavily and fell in floods;
But now the sun is rising calm and bright,
The birds are singing in the distant woods;
Over his own sweet voice the Stock-dove broods;
The Jay makes answer as the Magpie chatters;
And all the air is filled with pleasant noise of waters
All things that love the sun are out of doors;
The sky rejoices in the morning’s birth;
The grass is bright with raindrops-on the moors
The hare is running races in her mirth;
And with her feet she from the plashy earth
Raises a mist; that, glittering in the sun,
Runs with her all the way, wherever she doth run.
A2 What do the different birds do? Discuss.
A3 The sky rejoices in the morning’s birth. (Name and explain the figure of speech)
Have you known someone like the author’s grandmother? Do you feel the same sense of loss with regard to someone whom you have loved and lost?
Briefly explain the following statement from the text.
“You have passed through a fantastic experience: or more correctly, a catastrophic experience.”
What was the reason for the anxiety of Paul's mother as he grew older?
Why did the author finally give up on his watch?
You know what ‘hide-and-seek’ is. What would ‘hide-and-speak’ mean?
Discuss the following in pairs or in small groups.
“Discipline and a questioning spirit can coexist in an individual.”
How does the poet bring out the immortality of the bird?
Study the pictures below and note down the differences.
Correct the following statement.
The last leaf was a real leaf that survived.
You will come across many blogs written by famous personalities on different topics and issues. Read and make a list of at least ten blogs available on the internet. Read and summarise a blog and present it before the class.
| Sr.No. | The topic of the Blog | Name of the Blogger |
| 1. | Don’t teach kids how to read, teach them why. (https://www.teachthought.com/literacy stop-teaching-kids-how-to-read-reading-practice/) | Terry Heick |
| 2. | ||
| 3. | ||
| 4. | ||
| 5. |
Have you ever given up on something good? Share your story with your friend.
Imagine that you wish to organize a cultural event at your college. Prepare your own web-chart to indicate the qualities that you expect to have in a compere.
Can you name different types of fabrics? Which is the most expensive fabric you know? Talk to your parents or to a textile shop assistant. Collect samples of as many types as you can and paste them into your scrapbook. Name each type.
Comment on the given statement after reading the given dialogue -
But when I saw a man in trouble, I could never help trying to set him out of it.
Its human to help others. Here the statement tells us that ____________________________.
Read aloud/Enact the play.
Bassanio was very rich.
Make a time table of your daily routine
- On a school day
- On a holiday, and
- During examinations.
Start at the time you normally get up and list your activities
hourly: 7 am to 8 am, and so on.
Read the following sentence aloud. Write who said it and to whom.
“I would rather not go to the party.”
What do the following event/action tell us about the characters? Discuss.
The Archbishop announced that everyone was free to try his hand at the sword and called all the Lords to a Tournament.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
Epics are long poems that ______________________.
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
They may be composed and sung or recited for many years before __________________.
Write the symbol that is used in the poem to represent the following idea.
It was tempting and needed to be tried.
Read the poem aloud using proper intonation.
Why did Dr. Ashok’s cousin call him?
What did Aravind confess?
Teach me to appreciate ______.
- nature
- destruction
- small creatures
What are the disadvantages of speaking harshly?
| soft | vain | fear | joy | love | heard | toiled | mild | good | sand | life | harsh |
The ______, the______, which it may bring.
Read these lines and answer the question given below.
The laughter and beauty of women long dead;
Explain the meaning of the above line.
Read the incidents. Work in small groups to role play the situations in which they showed their presence of mind. Each group should perform the skit for the rest of the class. Share similar situations in the class.
Selvi asked, 'Did they come in an aeroplane?' because she______.
Mother called ______.
Why did Muthu and his friends step out of the train?
When did the richest farmer get upset? Why?
Why do the soldiers (people) die? When will it stop?
Read scene I of the play carefully and answer the questions below.
Tabaqui acts as ______ to the pack of wolves.
Where is the key?
Like whom did they want to do?
Pablo was the dog of ______.
Choose the correct picture for the passage.
There is a table under a tree. A man with a big hat and a hare with long ears are sitting. A young girl is sitting between them. There are many cups on the table. The girl has a cup in her hand, and the man has a pot in his hand. It seems like they are having tea. Yes, they are having tea at the tea party in Wonderland. The girl is Alice, and she is in Wonderland.
Kani and Teddy were in the garden at _____.
Try your own.
What is the main idea of the text?
The squirrel ran to the _________ tree.
Fill in the blank
Savings is done after fulfilling the______.
Write the word with same meaning.
pants- ______
What should we do for success?
Do you think Nasruddin was good at archery?
Replace the bold word/words with a word from the quiver and re-write the sentence –
Nasruddin was surely not a good archer.
Choose the right word.
The tamarind tree grows over Tansen’s ______.
Read the given sentence and underline the 'no' word.
Nobody is at home.
Based on the poet’s idea of true success, think of four people in your surroundings - your family, neighbours, friends, teachers, classmates, etc. who have achieved true success. Write, in short, what makes them successful.
