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प्रश्न
List the distinctive features of the tribal arts.
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उत्तर
According to the essayist G. N. Devy, the tribal arts display many distinctive features.
One of the distinctive features of tribal arts is their distinct manner of constructing space and imagery, which might be described as 'hallucinatory'. In both oral and visual forms of representation, tribal artists seem to interpret verbal or pictorial space as demarcated by an extremely flexible 'frame'. The boundaries between art and non art become almost invisible. In a tribal Ramayana, an episode from the Mahabharata makes a sudden and surprising appearance; tribal paintings contain a curious mixture of traditional and modern imagery.
The tribal arts follow strict convention. Every tribal performance and creation has, at its back, another such performance or creation belonging to a previous occasion. The creativity of the tribal artist lies in adhering to the past while, at the same time, slightly subverting it.
Playfulness is the soul of tribal arts. The tribal arts rarely assume a serious or pretentious tone. The tribal arts are relaxed and never tense.
The tribal oral stories and songs employ bilingualism in a complex manner.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Maggu’s achievements are particularly noteworthy because – as is well known – academic institutions in India are less than sold on the idea of inclusive education. In fact, when Maggu lost her sight in class IV, her school (which she declines to name) expelled her while suggesting she attend a “blind school”. Though shocked, Maggu rejected the advice. “Attending a special school would have tarred me with a handicap forever, which was not how I saw my future. Therefore I did the rounds of other public schools with my father, a small – time merchant, explaining that my case was different Since I had vision till the age of ten,” she recalls.
Impressed by her persistence and ambition, Delhi’s Bluebells School not only admitted her but pulled out all the stops to support her in academics sporting events and also notched up a respectable 73 percent average in the class XII exam with the help of Braille, interactive textbooks and extra coaching.
The respectable average in her CBSE exam paved the way for admission into LSR where again she proved her mettle by winning medals in a slew of inter – collage events (100 200 and 400 metre sprints) high jump, long jump, javelin and discuss throw: resulting in her being declared ‘Athlete of the year’ 2003’ at a sports meet for 100 physically challenged athletes. And the cherry on the cake was the selection to the IBSA Games last year. “It was a tough regimen,” recalls Maggu. “I had to attend sports camps manage my studies and officiates as sports president. But I managed.”
Questions:
(1) What qualities of Maggu are highlighted in this passage?
(2) Why did Maggu refuse to attend a ‘blind school’?
(3) Quote the lines that show that Jyoti Maggu was good in academics as well as in sports.
(4) Use any two phrases in sentences of your own :
(a) To win laurels
(b) To pave the way
(c) To prove one’s mettle
(d) A tough regimen
(5)
(a) I did the rounds of other public schools with my father [Change the voice]
(b) though shocked Maggu rejected the advice [Rewrite as a simple sentence]
(6) Should the physically challenged be sent to special schools? Express your views.
How did Helen Keller enjoy her visit to the World fair? (120‒150 words)
How did a story book, 'Little Lord Fauntleroy' open a window of knowledge to Helen and help to shape her career?
Read the following passage and complete the activities given below :
A1 Find out :
Find from the passage the related words to the sea and write them.
ON FIERCE monsoon nights, about one and a quarter-mile off the Mumbai harbor, there have been occasions when 52-year-old Bikaji Ramchandra Dhuri is the only man on the sea. From the watchtower of the Prongs Reef Lighthouse, which is surrounded on all sides by the Arabian Sea, he has heard the sea rage like a possessed spirit – the darkness dispelled only by the beam of light flung across the waters from the tower he mans.
Dhuri is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast, as a majority of the 182 lighthouses in the country are now unmanned. Built-in 1871, the Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on Scotland’s Skerryvore Rocks Lighthouse and is located at a strategic spot on the western coast, marking the entrance to the busy Mumbai Harbour. It was meant to stem the number of shipwrecks off the harbor, which the lone Colaba lighthouse could not illumine on its own. “Even now, during nights, for fishing vessels without any gadgets, it’s the soft light from this tower which directs us to Mumbai,” says Vinayak Koli, a boatsman who helps ferry people and also goes on fishing expeditions.
Throughout the year, Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for 15 days at a stretch, when he is relieved by another keeper. In the monsoon, it becomes his home for three months. “We call it the Kalapana as we are alone in the middle of the sea for days, with basic supplies – and the revolving light that keeps the sea awake,” he says.
A2 Fill in the following information using words from the passage :
(i) The Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on _______.
(ii) Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for _______ at a stretch.
(iii) _______ is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast.
(iv) The majority of the _______ lighthouses in the country are now unmanned.
| Violent | Scattered | Place of shelter for ships | Shine light |
A4
A5 Personal Response
Imagine you have to spend a night in a lighthouse. Narrate your experience.
Read the extract and do the following activities :
B1 Likes and dislikes :
(i) The child likes eating _______
(ii) The child dislikes eating _______
They won’t eat peas, don’t like your bread -
For something in it crunches;
They gag on fat, the gravy’s gross,
They won’t eat grapes in bunches.
Tomatoes, onions, peppers, fish
Garlic nor cottage cheese;
Oh, it’s a dish uncommon rare
That truly seems to please.
No red sauce may the ice cream have,
“It’s bleeding,” they will say;
And gravely hand it to their mum
To take it to clean away
But let us speak of chocolate cake,
It must be frosted o’er;
They’ll devour three full slabs,
And calmly ask for more.
Oh, I do so always love to eat
With picky little pests,
Whose parents joy to make them
The most undesirable guests!
B2 What message does the poem convey for children?
B3 Pick out two pairs of rhyming words from the poem.
Answer the following in 200-250 words :
Describe the relationship between Anne and Margot?
What does the word ‘cardboard’ denote in the poem? Why has this word been used?
Notice these expression in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
ducking back
Look for pictures in newspapers and magazines that depict the urban civic problems discussed in the text. Cut them out and pin them to the text at appropriate places.
Astrologers' perceptions are based more on hearsay and conjecture than what they learn from the study of the stars. Comment with reference to the story.
Indian society has moved a long way from the way the marriage is arranged in the story. Discuss.
What kind of a person do you think the narrator is?
Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to give vent to
Discuss the following in pairs
Empathy and understanding are going out of modern society. The individual experiences intense alienation from the society around him or her.
Explain the associations that the colour 'white' has in the story.
You notice a sense of urgency in the poet's request – what is the reason for this?
Think and answer in your own words.
How do parents react when they see children soil their clothes in dust and heat?
Read the text and enlist the achievements and honours of Ramanujan, received in England.
Answer the following question in short.
Explain the significance of the title.
Find more information about the Indian Armed Forces - the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force with the help of your teacher.
What are the clothes compared to? Give two examples.
State the difference between drama and novel.
Find sentences from the play related to the given points.
Loyalty in Irish Nationalism:
- Maybe Sergeant you’ll be on the side of the country yet.
- ____________________________
- ____________________________
- ____________________________
List the characters in the play and write one or two lines about each.
Write a conversation between a donkey and a dog.
Hold a mock trial for the following offence. There should be a complainant, a defendant, and lawyers to argue the case on behalf of them. The whole class can vote to pass the judgment. On what occasions will you plead for justice? What punishment will you suggest? When will you plead for mercy?
A poor man stole some ornaments from a rich girl.
Guess the meaning of the following from the context.
The meadow is wrapped in shadow.
Write about one occasion when you have behaved like -
Mr. Nobody
Write a character sketch of each of the animals. Write about their actions and thoughts and the qualities that emerge through them. You may present the sketch in the form of a graphic.
How does the following character in the story live up to their name? Provide points from the story.
Taffimai Metallumai
Read the following words aloud and copy them in your notebook.
- idle
- enough
- exclaimed
- commotion
- astounded
- antics
- wander
- wielding
Form groups of four or five.
Try to find the answers to the following questions through observation and by talking to your teachers, parents and others. Discuss your answers in the group.
- How is waste generated?
- How is it removed or cleared?
- How can we help in the task of clearing or removing garbage?
What did Anshuman’s father compare bad habits to?
What is a password?
Would you like to be a netizen?
Based on your understanding of the poem, complete the following passage by the using the phrases given in the box.
| youth to old age | up or down the hill | to hurry nor move away | |
| high adventure | joyful | mourn | looking ahead |
The poet wants to live his life __________, willing to do something. He neither wants __________from his goal. He does not want to _______ the things he has lost, not hold back for fear of the future. He instead prefers to live his life with a whole and happy heart which cheerfully travels from __________. Therefore, it does not matter to him whether the path goes __________, rough or smooth, the journey will be __________. He will continue to seek what he wanted as a boy - new friendship, __________ and a crown (prize). His heart will remain courageous and pursue his desires. He hopes that every turn in his life's journey will be the best.
Look at the following expressions from the text. With the help of your teacher rewrite them in standard English. One has been done for you.
| 1. ‘Musta got away – whatt’d he like? | Must got away - what was he like?’ |
| 2. ‘Looky here, Joe | |
| 3. ‘No sign o’ nothing’ | |
| 4. ‘Back t’ the lines ye goodaam | |
| 5. ‘What was the idea of all them cops tarryhootin’ round the house last night. |
Why did Chulong catch the bird?
What is inclusion? Why is it important?
Why did Alice follow the rabbit?
Read the poem aloud in groups.
Work in pairs and answer the following.
Pick out the rhyming words.
Why did the author help his Grandfather plant trees?
Geetha madam couldn’t stop the children running out of the train because they ______.
Gulliver was hailed as a hero because he ______.
Complete the sentence given below with word/phrase.
The whole earth smelled ______ and ______.
Be humble like a _____.
The Chinese troops attacked the lonely Indian post located in ______.
The battle of Nauranang lasted for three days.
Jaswant was captured alive.
Choose the picture for the passage.
| Our national emblem is taken from Ashoka’s pillar at Sarnath. It is found on all government documents, coins, currency notes, postcards, and envelopes. It consists of four lions standing back to back but, we can see only three lions at a time. There is a Dharma chakra in the centre of the base plate, with the figure of a bull in the right and that of a horse in the left. The entire structure is sitting on a lotus. The words ‘Sathyameva Jayate’ is written under it in Devanagari script. These words mean, ‘Truth alone Triumphs’. |
______ over heard her father’s talking on the phone about the robbery.
What was the message on the chit?
Bala and Janani acted like the______.
Kani and Teddy were in the garden at _____.
Why did Kani run to the kitchen?
The grandmother had kept the plate in memory of her ______.
Write the word with same meaning.
eraser- ______.
Find words from the passage which mean the same as the following.
- a malevolent desire for revenge (para 1)
- tactful (para 2)
- despise (para 3)
What are the details not to be revealed in public domain?
