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प्रश्न
'Trees are sacred my grandmother used to say'– what does the poet imply by this line?
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उत्तर
There are many legends surrounding the sheoga, the oudumber, the neem, and most of all the banyan tree. These are considered mythologically relevant and holy in Hinduism. Old folk who are deeply religious consider it sin to cut down these trees as they are to be worshipped according to the holy scriptures. They even say that if one brings neem or peepal down by felling them they are cursed with ill fate. There are plenty of stories in our mythology that fear and plague our society with as many superstitions as possible. Thus, the poet is merely trying to convey the fears and religious beliefs of old folk like his granny.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. (3)
Attempt the following in 150-200 words.
Write a character sketch of Bishop Brooks as he appears in Helen Keller's − The Story of My Life.
Answer any four of the following in 30−40 words each:
(a) What did garbage mean to the children of Seemapuri and to their parents?
(b) How did Rajkumar Shukla establish that he was resolute?
(c) 'Life is what it is all about;...' How is keeping quiet related to life?
(d) Mention any four things of beauty that add joy to our life.
(e) The manner of his (the Tiger King's) death is a matter of extraordinary interest. Comment.
(f) In what condition did Dr. Sadao find the American soldier at the seashore?
Give reasons for the following statement.
The article has been titled ‘Silk Road.’
Discuss in groups of four.
The sensitive behaviour of hill-folk.
|
The energy stored in coal and petroleum originally came to the earth from the sun. The bulk of the present-day supplies was laid down some 200 to 600 million years ago, when tropical conditions were widespread. Lush, swampy forests produced huge trees; warm coastal seas swarmed with microscopic forms of life. When these organisms died, much of their tissue was recycled as it is today — through scavenging and decay. But a significant amount of dead plant and animal material was covered with mud, which prevented complete decomposition. With the passage of time, layer upon layer of the fine sediment was deposited over the once-living material; the sheer weight turned the sediments to rock. Sandwiched between the layers, both coal and petroleum were produced and preserved under pressure. Coal was formed mostly of giant fern-like plants that have only small counterparts today. Coal may still be forming here and there on earth, but conditions are not right for the production of significant quantities. |
Group related points.
Look for pictures in newspapers and magazines that depict the urban civic problems discussed in the text. Cut them out and pin them to the text at appropriate places.
Why did the narrator of the story want to forget the address?
Explain the metaphor in the line: ‘Poets are the mirrors of gigantic shadows that futurity casts on the present’.
An acrostic is a poem or a write· up in which the first letter of each line forms a word. when it is read vertically.
For example,
Faithful
Reliable
Inspiring
Encouraging
Noble
Dedicated
With your benchmate / group, complete the acrostic of BELIEVE and FAITH.
(Please note that the words / phrases should be more or less related to the topic. You can use a thesaurus.)
Be certain of
E ......................
L ......................
I ......................
E ......................
V ......................
E ......................
F ......................
A ......................
I ......................
T ......................
H ......................
Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group can prepare a decorative chart/poster using an epigrammatic line from the poem. You may use calligraphy/painting/or Paint program on a computer. (With permission, put up these charts in your school.)
Trees are revered because:
- They give us joy.
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
- _________________
Compare and contrast the two opposing human feelings as expressed by the poet.
Think deeply and write. Is the poet really discouraging the youth from becoming vets? Explain your response.
Match the terms in ‘A’ with their explanation in ‘B’.
| 'A' | 'B' | ||
| (1) | tooth- extraction | (a) | a cut made for surgery |
| (2) | cardiac | (b) | having length, breadth, and depth |
| (3) | sedative | (c) | plastic surgery |
| (4) | tumor | (d) | related to the heart |
| (5) | incision | (e) | a control unit for a robotic surgery |
| (6) | a console | (f) | removing a decayed tooth |
| (7) | 3-D | (g) | a substance that makes a person sleep |
| (8) | Cushing clip | (h) | an extra growth in the body |
| (i) | a device to stop blood loss in neurosurgery |
Write a short autobiography of any bird or animal of your choice.
Fill in the gap, choosing a word from the bracket to make an appropriate comparison.
(tall / quiet / humble / merry / busy / slippery / fast / sly / slow / big)
as ______ as a fox
Find more information about the Indian Armed Forces - the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force with the help of your teacher.
Form groups and discuss the following question:
The events described in the poem take place at a certain place, at a certain period of the year, under specific weather conditions. Describe the place, the time, and the weather conditions.
Read aloud the speech in which Thiruvalluvar explains how the fabric was made. Present the process in the form of a chart. Draw pictures for the chart and label them.
Draw a character sketch of Oberon as an enemy of his wife but a friend of the lovers.
There were some reasons why Theseus was initially against but later gave consent for the marriage of Helena with Lysander. Explain.
Visit a library:
Read more stories from Japan, China, and Korea.
How long a period did Shalihotra allow to find the missing things?
Write a few lines about each character.
Make a chart to show the important points to remember while making a graphic presentation.
Discuss what makes the following sentences funny.
- Your wasted time will be refunded.
- There was no highway attached to the booth.
Talk about the good qualities of any one person you do not like. (You need not name the person.)
Find the words that mean the following from the first stanza.
- Gold hammered into a flat, thin shape: ______
- show off proudly: ______
- tilt, move at an angle: ______
- across, especially in a slanting direction: ______
Choose the appropriate phrase to insert in the gap, to make the sentence meaningful. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
Sorrowful times are ______ darkness.
Read the following pieces from the story and suggest a title for each as shown in the 1st one.
| From | Up to | Title | |
| 1. | It was a hot afternoon ______ | ______ said the aunt weakly. | ‘Children Pester their Aunt’ |
| 2. | The smaller girl created a diversion ______ | ______ likely to lose his bet. | ______ |
| 3. | In a low confidential voice ______ | ______ it was so stupid,” said Cyril. | ______ |
| 4. | She (Bertha) did all that she was told ______ | ______ must be an extra good child. | ______ |
| 5. | The storyteller paused to let ______ | ______ popular tunes of the day. | ______ |
| 6. | Bertha was trembling very much ______ | ______ the three medals for goodness ______ | ______ |
Present Mr. Wilson’s story as it would be shown in a comic strip. Write what picture you will show in each frame along with the dialogues. Write the dialogue with the help of the story. Examples:
 |
 |
 |
Imagine that you are in a land of tiny people like Lilliput. Write about some of the interesting things you might see there, including animals, houses, plants, vehicles, etc. Find an interesting name for this land.
What methods did Anshuman's parents use to warn Anshuman about his bad habits?
Read the following.
- Skipper: captain of a ship or boat.
- Dipper: This word has two meanings. Dipper means a container for taking out water. Also, there are two constellations called Little Dipper (Little Bear) and Big Dipper (Big Bear) in the sky.
- Milky Way: The band of light consisting of stars that spreads across the sky at night.
What does 'Rangaawali' mean?
Answer the following question in about 100-150 word.
Describe the funny incident that caused the confusion in the house.
Write the name of the toys against each picture.
Write about Hamid in one or two sentences.
How should you speak with old people?
What do you think is going to happen next?
He exercised with Louise every day.
Who inhabited the jungles that the train passed through?
What did Mr. Fogg mean by, ‘it was foreseen’?
Read the story and fill in the grid by ticking each character’s qualities.
Discuss in pairs to rate the characteristic and give marks from 1 to 10 depending on the grade of each quality.
Justify your views in one or two sentences.
| Characteristics | Jane Eyre | Mrs. Reed | Bessie | Helen Burns | Miss. Temple |
| arrogant | |||||
| bitter | |||||
| caring | |||||
| courageous | |||||
| cruel | |||||
| emotional | |||||
| friendly | |||||
| kind | |||||
| sensitive | |||||
| rich | |||||
| poor | |||||
| patient | |||||
| self-disciplined | |||||
| unjust |
When did the garden become a happy place for the author?
The dry earth soaked up the moisture as a hungry puppy laps up milk. It means______.
Work in pair, find answer for the question and share in the class.
Which word refers to ‘rain’?.
Rearrange the story in order.
- Jaswant stayed back in his post.
- He killed 300 chinese soldiers in the battle.
- He fired weapons from separate points.
- Sela and Nura helped him in the battle.
- Jaswant shot himself to death.
- Chinese soldiers caught the man who supplied food.
- He was awarded the Mahavir Chakra.
Vicky was an active boy.
What did the archer want to show to the crowd?
Choose the best answer.
Suddenly there was a______.
Answer the following yes or no question.
Did Appu share guava?
What party is that?
Tenzin’s family first lived in ______.
Match with the opposite gender.
| 1. | prince | bridegroom |
| 2. | hero | princess |
| 3. | bride | heroine |
When should we not water the plants?
What should we do to ensure Safe Surfing?
Being a bachelor, the stranger had no patience with children.
