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प्रश्न
Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?
A wine maker and a molecular biologist who has developed a recombinant vaccine, both claim themselves to be biotechnologist. Who in your opinion is right?
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उत्तर
Both. As biotechnology is a very wide area that deals with techniques of using a ‘natural’ organism (or its parts) as well as genetically modified organisms to produce products and processes useful for mankind. A winemaker employs a strain of yeast to produce wine by fermentation (a natural phenomenon), while the molecular biologist has cloned the gene for the antigen (that is used as a vaccine) in an organism, which allows the production of the antigen in large amounts.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Retroviruses have no DNA. However, the DNA of the infected host cell does possess viral DNA. How is it possible?
Rearrange the following in the correct sequence to accomplish an important biological reaction:
(a) In vitro synthesis of copies of DNA of interest
(b) Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides
(c) Enzyme DNA-polymerase
(d) Complementary region of DNA
(e) Genomic DNA template
(f) Nucleotides provided
(g) Primers
(h) Thermostable DNA-polymerase (from Thermus aquaticus)
(i) Denaturation of ds-DNA
Describe two vectors less methods of gene transfer used in rDNA technology.
Give the steps in PCR or polymerase chain reaction with suitable diagrams.
What is PCR? Explain different steps involved in it.
Match the List I with List II and List ill. Select the correct option.
| List I | List II | List ill | |||
| i. | Hind III | a. | Agarose ge | 1. | Six base pairs |
| ii. | pBR322 | b. | Agrobacterium | 2. | Selectable marke |
| iii. | T-DNA | c. | Ampicillin | 3. | Elution |
| iv. | DNA | d. | Recognition sequenc | 4. | Transgenic plant |
Identify the CORRECT sequence of steps in PCR.
Which of the following device is required for PCR?
Consider there is only one double stranded DNA molecule initially along with all other requirements of PCR. If a PCR machines performs 10 cycles of reaction then bow many double stranded DNA molecules would be present at the end?
Which of the following is NOT involved in genetic engineering technique?
i. Combining genes from two organisms
ii. Gene cloning
iii. Transfer of lipid molecules
iv. Transfer of genes to new organisms
v. Repairing or replacing the defective genes by healthy genes
vi. Artificial synthesis of new gene
Polymerase Chain Reaction is made possible by ____________.
Human insulin is produced by culturing the genetically engineered ______
Nucleic acid segment tagged with a radioactive molecule is called ______.
The most important feature in a plasmid to serve as a vector in gene cloning experiment is ______.
Cloning of genes, play a very significant role in genetic engineering, helping the transfer of desirable foreign genes into different hosts. The scientists, to make this process easier and effective are creating engineered vectors in such a way that they help easy linking of foreign DNA and selection of recombinants from non-recombinants. 'pBR322' is one such engineered vectors developed by scientists. A diagram of an engineered vector pBR322 is given below:
- Name the host for this cloning vector.
- Identify 'Rop' and 'Ori' in the diagram from 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write their functions.
- Draw the fragments that will be formed by the action of 'Z' (marked in the diagram) on the specific site of the DNA segment given below:
5' --- GTACGAATCCTGA --- 3'
3' --- CATGCTTAGGACT --- 3'
Observe the given sequence of nitrogenous bases on a DNA fragments and answer the following questions:
5' - CAGAATTCTTA - 3'
3' - GTCTTAAGAAT - 5'
- Name a restriction enzyme which can recognise this DNA sequence.
- Write the sequence after digestion.
- Why are the ends generated after digestion called sticky ends?
The PCR technique is used for ______.
Which of the following enzyme catalyses the removal of nucleotides from the end of DNA molecules?
Which of these are most widely used in genetic engineering?
______technique is used for in vitro gene cloning or gene multiplication.
What are the different types of electrophoresis?
Importance of PCR.
Expand YAC used in the field of Biotechnology.
Name the source of thermostable DNA polymerase.
Give a reason for the following:
DNA cannot enter directly into the host cell.
Suneeta is planning an experiment to clone a gene in a vector. So, she has to choose a good cloning vector.
Which one of the vectors shown below should she choose? Justify your answer by giving two reasons.
 |
 |
 |
| Vector A | Vector B | Vector C |
The manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end using "in-vitro" process is called______.
When the phage DNA enters the host bacterium, the host cell protects itself from the viral DNA attacks with the help of ______ enzyme.
