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प्रश्न
Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?
A wine maker and a molecular biologist who has developed a recombinant vaccine, both claim themselves to be biotechnologist. Who in your opinion is right?
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उत्तर
Both. As biotechnology is a very wide area that deals with techniques of using a ‘natural’ organism (or its parts) as well as genetically modified organisms to produce products and processes useful for mankind. A winemaker employs a strain of yeast to produce wine by fermentation (a natural phenomenon), while the molecular biologist has cloned the gene for the antigen (that is used as a vaccine) in an organism, which allows the production of the antigen in large amounts.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Rearrange the following in the correct sequence to accomplish an important biological reaction:
(a) In vitro synthesis of copies of DNA of interest
(b) Chemically synthesized oligonucleotides
(c) Enzyme DNA-polymerase
(d) Complementary region of DNA
(e) Genomic DNA template
(f) Nucleotides provided
(g) Primers
(h) Thermostable DNA-polymerase (from Thermus aquaticus)
(i) Denaturation of ds-DNA
Explain the work carried out by Cohen and Boyer that contributed immensely in biotechnology.
Name the genes responsible for making Bt cotton plants resistant to bollworm attack. How do such plants attain resistance against bollworm attacks? Explain.
Distinguish between plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA.
What are plasmids?
Give the applications of the PCR technique.
Expand the following abbreviation: BAC
What is the cell that receives a recombinant gene called?
The technique which involves addition or deletion of genes is ______.
The enzyme restriction endonuclease ______.
Bt-cotton shows adverse effect on the population of which butterfly?
Define vector? write any two examples,
From the following list of cloning vectors used in rDNA technology identify the vectors that are the most commonly used.
Plasmids, bacteriophages (Ml3, lambda virus), cosmid, phagemid, BAC (bacterial artificial chromosome), YAC (yeast artificial chromosome), transposons, baculoviruses, and mammalian artificial chromosomes (MACs)
Which of the following device is required for PCR?
Match the Column I (Restriction enzyme) with Column II (Recognition sequence) and select the correct option.
| column I (Restriction Enzyme) | column II (Recognition sequence) | ||
| i. | Alu | P. | 5'---G- ↓-G-A-T-C-C---3' 3'---C-C-T-A-G- -G---5 |
| ii. | BamHI | Q. | 5'--- A-G- ↓ -C-T---3' 3' ---T-C- G-A--- 5' |
| iii. | Eco RI | R. | 5'--G-T-C- ↓ -G-A-C--3' I 3'--C-A-G-t-C-T-G--5' |
| iv. | HindII | S. | 5'---G- ↓ -A-A-T-T-C---3' 3'---C-T-T-A-A- -G---5' |
Identify the process by which bacteria protect their own DNA from the attack of restriction enzymes.
Consider there is only one double stranded DNA molecule initially along with all other requirements of PCR. If a PCR machines performs 10 cycles of reaction then bow many double stranded DNA molecules would be present at the end?
____________ cuts the DNA within the specific positions.
____________ is the manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end, in a directed and predetermined way, using in vitro process.
Name the plant disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
Cloning of genes, play a very significant role in genetic engineering, helping the transfer of desirable foreign genes into different hosts. The scientists, to make this process easier and effective are creating engineered vectors in such a way that they help easy linking of foreign DNA and selection of recombinants from non-recombinants. 'pBR322' is one such engineered vectors developed by scientists. A diagram of an engineered vector pBR322 is given below:
- Name the host for this cloning vector.
- Identify 'Rop' and 'Ori' in the diagram from 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write their functions.
- Draw the fragments that will be formed by the action of 'Z' (marked in the diagram) on the specific site of the DNA segment given below:
5' --- GTACGAATCCTGA --- 3'
3' --- CATGCTTAGGACT --- 3'
The PCR technique is used for ______.
To be a cloning vector, a plasmid require ______.
How gene amplification is done?
Write a short note on vectors.
Tissue plasminogen activator and urokinase are used in the treatment of ______.
Importance of PCR.
Suneeta is planning an experiment to clone a gene in a vector. So, she has to choose a good cloning vector.
Which one of the vectors shown below should she choose? Justify your answer by giving two reasons.
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 |
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| Vector A | Vector B | Vector C |
