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प्रश्न
Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?
A wine maker and a molecular biologist who has developed a recombinant vaccine, both claim themselves to be biotechnologist. Who in your opinion is right?
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उत्तर
Both. As biotechnology is a very wide area that deals with techniques of using a ‘natural’ organism (or its parts) as well as genetically modified organisms to produce products and processes useful for mankind. A winemaker employs a strain of yeast to produce wine by fermentation (a natural phenomenon), while the molecular biologist has cloned the gene for the antigen (that is used as a vaccine) in an organism, which allows the production of the antigen in large amounts.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Name the genes responsible for making Bt cotton plants resistant to bollworm attack. How do such plants attain resistance against bollworm attacks? Explain.
Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
Give an example of the source of thermostable enzyme DNA polymerase.
Give an account of the Blue-White Method of selection of recombinants.
Give one significant difference between:
Electroporation and Gene Gun.
Explain what are the desirable characteristics of an ideal cloning vector used in rDNA technology.
What is the cell that receives a recombinant gene called?
Give a reason why :
Proteases are added during the isolation of DNA for genetic engineering.
Explain the properties of a good or ideal cloning vector for rDNA technology.
Enlist different types of restriction enzymes commonly used in rDNA technology? Write about their role.
The technique which involves addition or deletion of genes is ______.
For which of the following purpose restriction endonuclease enzyme is used in genetic engineering?
The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.
i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.
ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.
iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.
iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture.
____________ cuts the DNA within the specific positions.
Identify the CORRECT order of steps in Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).
____________ is the manipulation of genetic material towards a desired end, in a directed and predetermined way, using in vitro process.
Polymerase Chain Reaction is made possible by ____________.
Lytic cycle involves bacteriophage and ____________.
A technique used to make numerous copies of a specific DNA segment quickly and accurately is called ______
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Cloning of genes, play a very significant role in genetic engineering, helping the transfer of desirable foreign genes into different hosts. The scientists, to make this process easier and effective are creating engineered vectors in such a way that they help easy linking of foreign DNA and selection of recombinants from non-recombinants. 'pBR322' is one such engineered vectors developed by scientists. A diagram of an engineered vector pBR322 is given below:
- Name the host for this cloning vector.
- Identify 'Rop' and 'Ori' in the diagram from 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y' and 'Z'. Write their functions.
- Draw the fragments that will be formed by the action of 'Z' (marked in the diagram) on the specific site of the DNA segment given below:
5' --- GTACGAATCCTGA --- 3'
3' --- CATGCTTAGGACT --- 3'
Expand the following acronym:
BAC
Name two restriction enzymes used in PCR.
How gene amplification is done?
______technique is used for in vitro gene cloning or gene multiplication.
Write a short note on vectors.
Name the source of thermostable DNA polymerase.
How many sets of primers are required in each cycle of PCR?
Assertion: In a bioreactor, it is not necessary to maintain sterile ambience.
Reason: Sterile conditions promote the growth of unwanted microbes in the culture medium.
