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प्रश्न
Both a wine maker and a molecular biologist who had developed a recombinant vaccine claim to be biotechnologists. Who in your opinion is correct?
A wine maker and a molecular biologist who has developed a recombinant vaccine, both claim themselves to be biotechnologist. Who in your opinion is right?
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उत्तर
Both. As biotechnology is a very wide area that deals with techniques of using a ‘natural’ organism (or its parts) as well as genetically modified organisms to produce products and processes useful for mankind. A winemaker employs a strain of yeast to produce wine by fermentation (a natural phenomenon), while the molecular biologist has cloned the gene for the antigen (that is used as a vaccine) in an organism, which allows the production of the antigen in large amounts.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Explain what are the desirable characteristics of an ideal cloning vector used in rDNA technology.
Describe two vectors less methods of gene transfer used in rDNA technology.
What is the cell that receives a recombinant gene called?
In vitro amplification of DNA or RNA segment is known as ___________.
The enzyme restriction endonuclease ______.
Polymerase chain reaction is most useful in ______.
Define vector? write any two examples,
Define biotechnology? Which are the basic principles and process of biotechnology?
From the following which one is NOT a feature of the plasmids?
Vectors are ____________ molecules that carry a foreign gene and replicate inside the host cell.
Identify the CORRECT sequence of steps in PCR.
Which of the following device is required for PCR?
Identify the properties that a cloning vector must possess to be efficiently used in rDNA technology.
- Control elements like promoter, operator, ribosomal binding sites
- Restriction sites
- Marker genes
- Ori of replication
- Ability to replicate independently
The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.
i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.
ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.
iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.
iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture.
______ is the soil bacterium that causes crown gall characterized by tumors in plants.
What would happen when one grows a recombinant bacterium in a bioreactor but forget to add antibiotic to the medium in which the recombinant is growing?
Name the plant disease caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens.
| Oil spill is a major environmental issue. It has been found that different strains of Pseudomonas bacteria have genes to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Trials are underway to use different biotechnological tools to incorporate these genes and create a genetically engineered strain of Pseudomonas - a ‘super-bug’, to break down the four major groups of hydrocarbons in oil. Such bacteria might be sprayed onto surfaces polluted with oil to clean thin films of oil. |
(a) List two advantages of using bacteria for such biotechnological studies?
(b) For amplification of the gene of interest PCR was carried out. The PCR was run with the help of polymerase which was functional only at a very low temperature. How will this impact the efficiency of the PCR? Justify.
(c) If such bacteria are sprayed on water bodies with oil spills, how will this have a positive or negative effect on the environment? Discuss.
Restriction enzymes were discovered by ______.
The PCR technique is used for ______.
Identify the desirable characteristics for a plasmid used in rDNA technology from the following.
- Ability to multiply and express outside the host in a bioreactor.
- A highly active promoter.
- A site at which replication can be initiated.
- One or more identifiable marker genes.
- One or more unique restriction sites.
The polymerase chain reaction is a powerful technique to ______.
Plasmid is ______.
How does EcoRI differ from an exonuclease?
Importance of PCR.
Expand YAC used in the field of Biotechnology.
Give a reason for the following:
DNA cannot enter directly into the host cell.
State the steps involved in the process of gene therapy for the treatment of ADA-deficiency.
Assertion: In a bioreactor, it is not necessary to maintain sterile ambience.
Reason: Sterile conditions promote the growth of unwanted microbes in the culture medium.
