NCERT solutions for केमिस्ट्री पार्ट १ एण्ड २ [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ chapter 3 - Chemical Kinetics [Latest edition]

For the reaction \[\ce{R -> P}\], the concentration of a reactant changes from 0.03 M to 0.02 M in 25 minutes. Calculate the average rate of reaction using units of time both in minutes and seconds.

In a reaction, \[\ce{2A -> Products}\], the concentration of A decreases from 0.5 mol L⁻¹ to 0.4 mol L⁻¹ in 10 minutes. Calculate the rate during this interval?

For a reaction, \[\ce{A + B -> Product}\]; the rate law is given by, `r = k[A]^(1/2)[B]^2`. What is the order of the reaction?

The conversion of molecules X to Y follows second order kinetics. If concentration of X is increased to three times how will it affect the rate of formation of Y?

A first order reaction has a rate constant 1.15 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹. How long will 5 g of this reactant take to reduce to 3 g?

Time required to decompose SO₂Cl₂ to half of its initial amount is 60 minutes. If the decomposition is a first order reaction, calculate the rate constant of the reaction.

What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant?

The rate of the chemical reaction doubles for an increase of 10 K in absolute temperature from 298 K. Calculate E_a.

The activation energy for the reaction \[\ce{2 HI_{(g)} -> H2_{(g)} + I2_{(g)}}\] is 209.5 kJ mol⁻¹ at 581K. Calculate the fraction of molecules of reactants having energy equal to or greater than activation energy?

From the rate expression for the following reaction, determine the order of reaction and the dimension of the rate constant.

\[\ce{3NO_{(g)} -> N2O_{(g)}}\] Rate = k[NO]²

From the rate expression for the following reaction, determine the order of reaction and the dimension of the rate constant.

\[\ce{H2O2_{( aq)} + 3I^-_{( aq)} + 2H^+ -> 2H2O_{(l)} + I^-_3}\] Rate = k[H₂O₂][I⁻]

From the rate expression for the following reaction, determine the order of reaction and the dimension of the rate constant.

\[\ce{CH3CHO_{(g)} -> CH4_{(g)} + CO_{(g)}}\] Rate = k [CH₃CHO]^3/2

From the rate expression for the following reaction, determine the order of reaction and the dimension of the rate constant.

\[\ce{C2H5Cl_{(g)} -> C2H4_{(g)} + HCl_{(g)}}\] Rate = k [C₂H₅Cl]

For the reaction:

\[\ce{2A + B → A2B}\] 

the rate = k[A][B]² with k = 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ mol⁻² L² s⁻¹. Calculate the initial rate of the reaction when [A] = 0.1 mol L⁻¹, [B] = 0.2 mol L⁻¹. Calculate the rate of reaction after [A] is reduced to 0.06 mol L⁻¹.

The decomposition of NH₃ on platinum surface is zero order reaction. What are the rates of production of N₂ and H₂ if k = 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ mol⁻¹ L s⁻¹?

The decomposition of dimethyl ether leads to the formation of CH₄, H₂ and CO and the reaction rate is given by Rate = k [CH₃OCH₃]^3/2. The rate of reaction is followed by increase in pressure in a closed vessel, so the rate can also be expressed in terms of the partial pressure of dimethyl ether, i.e., Rate = \[\ce{k(P_{CH_3OCH_3})^{3/2}}\].

Mention the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

A reaction is second order with respect to a reactant. How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of the reactant is doubled?

A reaction is second order with respect to a reactant. How is the rate of reaction affected if the concentration of the reactant is reduced to half?

What will be the effect of temperature on rate constant?

In a pseudo first order hydrolysis of ester in water, the following results were obtained:

Calculate the average rate of reaction between the time interval 30 to 60 seconds.

A reaction is first order in A and second order in B. Write the differential rate equation.

A reaction is first order in A and second order in B. How is the rate affected on increasing the concentration of B three times?

A reaction is first order in A and second order in B. How is the rate affected when the concentrations of both A and B are doubled?

In a reaction between A and B, the initial rate of reaction (r₀) was measured for different initial concentrations of A and B as given below:

What is the order of the reaction with respect to A and B?

The following results have been obtained during the kinetic studies of the reaction:

\[\ce{2A + B -> C + D}\]

Determine the rate law and the rate constant for the reaction.

The reaction between A and B is first order with respect to A and zero order with respect to B. Fill in the blanks in the following table:

Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction from the rate constant given below:

200 s⁻¹

Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction from the rate constant given below:

2 min⁻¹

Calculate the half-life of a first order reaction from the rate constant given below:

4 year⁻¹

The half-life for radioactive decay of ¹⁴C is 5730 years. An archaeological artifact containing wood had only 80% of the ¹⁴C found in a living tree. Estimate the age of the sample.

The experimental data for decomposition of N₂O₅.

\[\ce{2N2O5 -> 4NO2 + O2}\] in gas phase at 318 K are given below:

1. Plot [N₂O₅] against t.
2. Find the half-life period for the reaction.
3. Draw a graph between log [N₂O₅] and t.
4. What is the rate law?
5. Calculate the rate constant.
6. Calculate the half-life period from k and compare it with (ii).

The rate constant for a first order reaction is 60 s⁻¹. How much time will it take to reduce the initial concentration of the reactant to its `1/16`th value?

During nuclear explosion, one of the products is ⁹⁰Sr with half-life of 28.1 years. If 1μg of ⁹⁰Sr was absorbed in the bones of a newly born baby instead of calcium, how much of it will remain after 10 years and 60 years if it is not lost metabolically.

For a first order reaction, show that time required for 99% completion is twice the time required for the completion of 90% of reaction.

A first order reaction takes 40 min for 30% decomposition. Calculate `"t"_(1/2)`.

For the decomposition of azoisopropane to hexane and nitrogen at 543 K, the following data are obtained.

Calculate the rate constant.

The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of SO₂Cl₂ at a constant volume.

\[\ce{SO2Cl2_{(g)} -> SO2_{(g)} + Cl2_{(g)}}\]

The rate constant for the decomposition of N₂O₅ at various temperatures is given below:

Draw a graph between ln k and `1/T` and calculate the values of A and E_a. Predict the rate constant at 30º and 50ºC.

The rate constant for the decomposition of hydrocarbons is 2.418 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ at 546 K. If the energy of activation is 179.9 kJ/mol, what will be the value of pre-exponential factor?

Consider a certain reaction \[\ce{A -> Products}\] with k = 2.0 × 10⁻² s⁻¹. Calculate the concentration of A remaining after 100 s if the initial concentration of A is 1.0 mol L⁻¹.

Sucrose decomposes in acid solution into glucose and fructose according to the first order rate law with `t_(1/2)` = 3 hours. What fraction of the sample of sucrose remains after 8 hours?

The decomposition of hydrocarbon follows the equation k = `(4.5 xx 10^11 s^-1) e^(-28000 K//T)`

Calculate E_a.

The rate constant for the first order decomposition of H₂O₂ is given by the following equation:

log k = 14.34 − 1.25 × 10⁴ K/T. 

Calculate E_a for this reaction and at what temperature will its half-period be 256 minutes?

The decomposition of A into product has value of k as 4.5 × 10³ s⁻¹ at 10°C and energy of activation 60 kJ mol⁻¹. At what temperature would k be 1.5 × 10⁴ s⁻¹?

The time required for 10% completion of a first order reaction at 298 K is equal to that required for its 25% completion at 308 K. If the value of A is 4 × 10¹⁰ s⁻¹. Calculate k at 318 K and E_a.

The rate of a reaction quadruples when the temperature changes from 293 K to 313 K. Calculate the energy of activation of the reaction assuming that it does not change with temperature.