CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus - Free PDF Download
CBSE Syllabus 2026-27 Class 12: The CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus for the examination year 2026-27 has been released by the Central Board of Secondary Education, CBSE. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2026-27 CBSE Class 12 Physics Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new CBSE syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus for 2026-27 is below.
Academic year:
CBSE Class 12 Physics Revised Syllabus
CBSE Class 12 Physics Course Structure 2026-27 With Marking Scheme
Advertisements
Advertisements
Advertisements
Syllabus
1: Electrostatics [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
1 Electric Charges and Fields [Revision]
- Electric Charge
- Key Points: Electric Charge
- Conductors and Insulators
- Definition: Conductors
- Definition: Insulators
- Insulators are also called Dielectrics
- Explanation
- Basic Properties of Electric Charge
- Coulomb’s Law
- Forces between Multiple Charges
- Electric Field
- Definition: Electric Field
- Derivation
- DImensional Formula
- Intensity of Electric Field
- Electric Field Lines
- Electric Flux
- Introduction
- Definition: Electric Flux
- Formula Derivation
- Formula: Electric Flux
- Definition: Electric Flux Linked to a Surface
- Formula Derivation
- Special Cases
- Definition: Electric Flux Density
- Formula: Electric Flux Density
- Units and Dimensions of Electric Flux
- Electric Dipole
- Definition: Dipole
- Definition: Axial Line
- Definition: Equitorial Line
- Definition: Dipole Moment
- Natural Dipole
- Dipole in a Uniform External Field
- Continuous Charge Distribution
- Introduction
- Linear Charge Density
- Surface Charge Density
- Volume Charge Density
- We Don't Feel Earth's Charge
- Static Charge: Use and Safety
- Gauss’s Law
- Application of Gauss' Law
2 Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance [Revision]
- Electric Potential and Potential Energy
- Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Due to a Point Charge
- Potential Due to an Electric Dipole
- Potential due to a System of Charges
- Equipotential Surfaces
- Definition: Equipotential Surfaces
- Formula Derivation and Analysis
- Formula: Equipotential Surfaces
- Important Properties of Equipotential Surfaces
- Relation Between Electric Field and Electrostatic Potential
- Potential Energy of a System of Charges
- Potential Energy in an External Field
- Potential Energy of a Single Charge
- Potential Energy of a System of Two Charges in an External Field
- Potential Energy of a Dipole in an External Field
- Electrostatics of Conductors
- Dielectrics and Polarisation
- Capacitors and Capacitance
- The Parallel Plate Capacitor
- Effect of Dielectric on Capacitance
- Combination of Capacitors
- Energy Stored in a Charged Capacitor
- Overview: Electric Potential
- Overview: Capacitors and Dielectrics
2: Current Electricity [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
3 Current Electricity [Revision]
- Electric Current
- Introduction
- Definition: Electric Current
- Formula: Electric Current
- Units of Electric Current
- Electric Currents in Conductors
- Ohm's Law
- Limitations of Ohm’s Law
- Limitations
- Derivation
- Limitations of Ohm’s Law
- Drift of Electrons and the Origin of Resistivity
- Mobility of Electrons
- Derivation
- Resistivity of Various Materials
- Temperature Dependence of Resistivity
- Electrical Energy and Power in Conductors
- Cells, EMF, and Internal Resistance
- Cells in Series and in Parallel
- Kirchhoff’s Laws
- Wheatstone Bridge
- Introduction
- Definition: Wheatstone’s Bridge
- Derivation
- Overview: Electric Resistance and Ohm's Law
- Overview: DC Circuits and Measurements
3: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
4 Moving Charges and Magnetism [Revision]
- Introduction to Electromagnetism
- Motion in a Magnetic Field
- Biot-Savart Law
- Applications of Biot-Savart's Law > Magnetic Field on the Axis of a Circular Current-Carrying Loop
- Ampere’s Circuital Law
- Solenoid
- Force Between Two Parallel Currents (Ampere’s Law)
- Torque on a Rectangular Current Loop in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- Circular Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole
- Moving Coil Galvanometer
- Overview: Moving Charges and Magnetic Field
- Overview: Torque on a Current-Loop : Moving-Coil Galvanometer
5 Magnetism and Matter [Revision]
- Concept of Magnetism
- The Bar Magnet
- Bar Magnet as an Equivalent Solenoid
- The Dipole in a Uniform Magnetic Field
- The Electrostatic Analog
- Magnetism and Gauss’s Law
- Magnetisation and Magnetic Intensity
- Magnetic Properties of Materials
- Overview: Magnetism and Mater
4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
6 Electromagnetic Induction [Revision]
- Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Electromagnetic Induction
- The Experiments of Faraday and Henry
- Magnetic Flux
- Definition: Magnetic Flux
- Explanation
- Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- Definition: Faraday's Law of Induction
- Law: Faraday's First Law or Neumann's Law
- Law: Faraday's Second Law or Lenz's Law
- Lenz’s Law and Conservation of Energy
- Motional Electromotive Force (e.m.f.)
- Inductance
- A.C. Generator
- Overview - Electromagnetic Induction
7 Alternating Current [Revision]
- AC Voltage Applied to a Resistor
- Representation of AC Current and Voltage by Rotating Vectors - Phasors
- AC Voltage Applied to an Inductor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Capacitor
- AC Voltage Applied to a Series LCR Circuit
- Phasor-diagram Solution
- Resonance
- Power in AC Circuit
- Transformers
- Overview: AC Circuits
5: Electromagnetic Waves [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
8 Electromagnetic Waves [Revision]
- Concept of Electromagnetic Waves
- Displacement Current
- Sources of Electromagnetic Waves
- Nature of Electromagnetic Waves
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Definition: Invisible Spectrum
- Key Points: Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Overview of Electromagnetic Waves
6: Optics [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
9 Ray Optics and Optical Instruments [Revision]
- Ray Optics Or Geometrical Optics
- Introduction
- Principles
- Fermat’s Principle
- Example
- Reflection of Light by Spherical Mirrors
- Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors
- Key Points: Sign Convention
- Focal Length of Spherical Mirrors
- Mirror Equation of Spherical Mirrors
- Refraction of Light
- Definition: Refraction
- Definition: Refracted Light
- Definition: Refraction of Light
- Key Points: Refraction of Light
- Total Internal Reflection
- Definition: Total Internal Reflection
- Applications of Total Internal Reflection
- Refraction at a Spherical Surfaces
- Refraction by a Lens
- Power of a Lens
- Definition: Power of a Lens
- Formula: Power of a Lens
- Combined Focal Length of Two Thin Lenses in Contact
- Refraction of Light Through a Prism
- Optical Instruments
- Telescope
- Introduction
- Magnifying Power of a Telescope
- Example
- Telescope
- Microscope and it’s types
- Overview of Ray Optics and Optical Instruments
10 Wave Optics [Revision]
- Concept of Wave Optics
- Huygens' Principle
- Refraction of a Plane Wave
- Refraction at a Rarer Medium
- Reflection of a Plane Wave by a Plane Surface
- Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
- Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
- Diffraction of Light
- The Single Slit
- Seeing the Single Slit Diffraction Pattern
- Polarisation of Light
- Overview: Wave Optics
7: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter [Revision]
- Dual Nature of Radiation
- Electron Emission
- Photoelectric Effect - Hertz’s Observations
- Photoelectric Effect - Hallwachs’ and Lenard’s Observations
- Experimental Study of Photoelectric Effect
- Effects of Intensity and Frequency on Photocurrent
- Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
- Einstein’s Photoelectric Equation: Energy Quantum of Radiation
- Particle Nature of Light: The Photon
- Wave Nature of Matter
- Overview: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
8: Atoms and Nuclei [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
12 Atoms [Revision]
- Concept of Atoms
- Alpha-particle Scattering and Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom
- Alpha-Particle Trajectory
- Electron Orbits
- Atomic Spectra
- Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
- Energy Levels
- The Line Spectra of the Hydrogen Atom
- De Broglie’s Explanation of Bohr’s Second Postulate of Quantisation
- Overview: Atoms
13 Nuclei [Revision]
- Atomic Masses and Composition of Nucleus
- Size of the Nucleus
- Mass - Energy
- Nuclear Binding Energy
- Nuclear Force
- Radioactivity
- Forms of Energy > Nuclear Energy
- Definition: Nuclear Energy
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Controlled Thermonuclear Fusion
- Overview: Nuclei
9: Electronic Devices [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
14 Semiconductor Electronics - Materials, Devices and Simple Circuits [Revision]
- Concept of Semiconductor Electronics
- Classification of Metals, Conductors and Semiconductors
- Intrinsic Semiconductor
- Extrinsic Semiconductor
- Diode or p-n Junction
- Semiconductor Diode
- Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
- Overview: Semiconductor Electronics
10: Communication Systems [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
15 Communication Systems [Revision]
- Detection of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Production of Amplitude Modulated Wave
- Basic Terminology Used in Electronic Communication Systems
- Noise, Attenuation and Amplification
- Transducer, Signal, Noise, Transmitter, Receiver, Attenuation, Amplification, Range, Bandwidth, Modulation, Demodulation, Repeater
- Sinusoidal Waves
- Modulation and Its Necessity
- Carrier waves and their types: Sinusoidal signal and Pulse shaped signal
- Modulation
- Types of Modulation - frequency and amplitude
- Base Band Signals
- Factors affecting transmission of electronic signal in the audio frequency range
- Size of the antenna or aerial: Hertz and Marconi antenna
- Effective power radiated by an antenna
- Mixing up of signals from different transmitters
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Amplitude Modulation (AM)
- Production of amplitude modulated wave
- Detection of amplitude modulated wave
- Modulation index or modulation factor in amplitude modulation
- Power and current relations in amplitude modulation wave
- Applications of amplitude modulation
- Drawbacks in amplitude modulation
- Need for Modulation and Demodulation
- Satellite Communication
- Propagation of EM Waves
- Introduction
- Ionizing Radiations
- Applications of X-rays in Medicine and Industry
- Bandwidth of Transmission Medium
- Bandwidth of Signals
- Bandwidth of Signals (Speech, TV and Digital Data)
11: The Special Theory of Relativity [Revision]
CBSE Class 12 Physics Syllabus
16 The Special Theory of Relativity [Revision]
- The Special Theory of Relativity
- The Principle of Relativity
- Maxwell'S Laws
- Kinematical Consequences
- A Rod Moving Perpendicular to its Length
- Moving Clocks (Time Dilation)
- A Rod Moving Parallel to its Length (Length Contraction)
- Dynamics at Large Velocity
- Energy and Momentum
- The Ultimate Speed
- Twin Paradox
