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प्रश्न
Taking off from Forster’s references to Emily Bronte, Sterne and Proust, discuss the treatment of time in some of the novels you have read.
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उत्तर
Over time, novels have creatively used the aspects of time. Most of the novels like To Kill a Mockingbird, The Alchemist, Pride and Prejudice and Famous Five etc. follow a chronological pattern, revealing truth in time. However some novels like The Girl on the Train narrates the story going back and forth in time and thereby becoming a thriller. Some genres like fantasy also narrate story of two or more realms like the realm of God and the realm of normal humans like in mythological twists like The Red Pyramid where times passes differently in each.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title. (5)
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words. (3)
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Tick the item that is closest in meaning to the following phrase.
to meet one's match
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The quill is the central element of the poem – what does it symbolise?
Read the extract and state whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
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What decision taken by Dick changed his fortune?
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Discuss in groups and share with one another.
The daily routine of your mother and father on working days.
Guess the meaning of the following words and phrases:
untold wealth, closest to the Emperor’s heart, grave offence, banish.
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Explain the following statement with reference to the context.
And then, once the ring's broken, we'll get to work and show the public every day just how incompetent the Mayor is!
Write a short note on the following:
Care of animals in the regime of Emperor Ashoka
Add ten more words to the list on your own. Each of the component words must be meaningful.
Imagine you are visiting the Science Fair. What other stalls (apart from the ones mentioned here) are you likely to find there? Try to list at least five more stalls.
Read aloud a paragraph of your choice from the passage.
Visit a library:
Read stories about Gautama Buddha. Relate one story in the class.
Write any three of the silly remarks made by the characters other than Alice. Write why you think the remark is silly.
Read the passage and name the following.
He led the defense of Troy for nine years.
List the adverbs/adverbial phrases used in the passage.
Which other things in nature can say –
'For men may come and men may go,
But I go on for ever.'
Imagine the following and write about it in your own words:
What the world looks like to a baby.
What is the difference between a 'dream' and a 'daydream'?
Make groups. One person in the group chooses an announcement. Everyone in the group reads that announcement silently but carefully and closes their books. Then that person presents the announcement, changing one of the details in the announcement. Others spot the change. For example, you might say ‘red’ key chain instead of ‘blue’ in the last announcement.
Guess the meaning of the following word.
fruitless
List the characters in the play.
Birds and animals
The taxi driver took away the narrator’s suitcase.
Write a paragraph on ‘The Grumble Family’ and their attitude towards other folks.
In New York, Mr. Scotti left the plane because he thought he.
Tom lay thinking. Presently it occurred to him that he wished he was sick; then he could stay home from school. He examined himself. He found no symptoms or sickness, and he investigated again. This time he felt he had a stomach ache, but it soon grew feeble, and presently died wholly away. He reflected further.
What was the result of Tom’s self-examination?
Read the lines and answer the questions.
There are many legends based on their heroic exploits
a legacy of tales which have been told with much adroit
- What does ‘heroic exploits’ mean?
- What are legends?
Read the line and answer the question.
And the wheel’s kick and the winds song and the white sail’s shaking
What according to the poet are the pleasures of sailing?
Read the following lines and answer the questions.
It’s a slow, unwavering, ingrained trait
With the patience to work and the strength to wait.
- What is an ‘ingrained trait’?
- Why does a courageous man need patience?
Why does the child clamber and scramble?
How does the poet describe the Indian seasons? Write in your own words in about 50 words.
How did the aliens know the boys' language?
Jaswantgarh is named after the Indian soldier ______.
What does it sing?
Choose the odd one out.
The bird-catcher let the pigeon jump into the fire.
They use ______ as bait.
Match the words with the pictures.
| Robinson |  |
| cannibals |  |
| Friday |  |
| footprint |  |
Choose and write the adverbs to complete the sentence.
My dog barks ______.
Try your own.
Name the character or speaker.
"Did someone scold you?"
Read the advertisement and answer the question given below.
What is the advertisement about?
Leafcutter ants can carry leaves that weigh ______ times of their body weight.
Tenzin is from ______.
What are things that we can save? Why should we save them?
Where were they going?
Fill in the blank with rhyming word.
tunnels- ______
The monster tree was protecting the ______.
Rani and Divya informed the happening to the ______.
Why did the greedy merchant get angry?
Write the word with same meaning.
tap- ______
Work or play, let us______.
Why did the child in the poem like looking at the pictures?
