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प्रश्न
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
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उत्तर
A - Denaturation
B - Annealing
C - Extension of primers
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Draw a labelled sketch of sparged-stirred-tank bioreactor. Write its application.
Besides better aeration and mixing properties, what other advantages do stirred tank bioreactors have over shake flasks?
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
Explain briefly:
PCR
PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for ______.
The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate ______.
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
Which of the following should be chosen for best yield if one were to produce a recombinant protein in large amounts?
While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions that follow:
| Biotechnology revolves around the "gene of interest", with an objective to open various avenues for human welfare in health, medicine, pharma, agriculture etc. using different techniques, tools and processes. One of the breakthroughs of biotechnology in medicine is the gene therapy. |
- Name the human disease for which the gene therapy was used for the first time.
- Explain the steps of gene therapy carried to cure the disease using the lymphocytes of the patient. Why is this therapy not a permanent cure of the disease?
- Write the possible permanent cure of the disease by the gene therapy that is in progress.
Bioreactors are the containment vehicles of any biotechnology-based production process. For large scale production and for economic reasons the final success of biotechnological process depends on the efficiency of the bioreactor.
Answer the following questions w.r.t. the given paragraph:
- List the operational guidelines that must be adhered to so as to achieve optimisation of the bioreactor system. Enlist any four.
- Mention the phase of the growth we refer to in the statement "Optimisation of growth and metabolic activity of the cells".
- Is the biological product formed in the bioreactor suitable for the intended use immediate? Give reason in support of your answer.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
In agarose gel electrophoresis, why do DNA fragments move toward the positive electrode?
What is the process of cutting out and recovering a separated DNA band from an agarose gel called?
In the provided agarose gel electrophoresis image, what is represented in lane 1 compared to lanes 2 through 4?
Which enzyme is responsible for joining the desired gene to a carrier vector DNA to form recombinant DNA?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
