Topics
Laws of Motion
- Force and Motion
- Force
- Inertia and Mass
- Types of Inertia
- Linear Momentum
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Translational and Rotational Motions
- Moment (Turning Effect) of a Force or Torque
- Principle of Moments
- Couple
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- Impulse of a Force
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
- Rocket Propulsion
- Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation
- Acceleration Due to Gravity (Earth’s Gravitational Acceleration)
- Mass and Weight
- Apparent Weight
Optics
- Climatic Factors > Light
- Refraction of Light
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Prism
- Dispersion of Light
- Scattering of Light
- Concept of Lenses
- Spherical Lens
- Position and Nature of Image Formed by Spherical Mirrors
- Technical Terms Related to a Lens
- Convex Lens
- Images Formed by Convex Lenses
- Concave Lens
- Images Formed by Concave Lenses
- Lens Formula
- Sign Convention
- Magnification
- Lens Maker's Formula
- Power of a Lens
- The Human Eye
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Myopia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Hypermetropia
- Defects of Vision and Their Corrections > Presbyopia
- Eye Defect and Its Correction: Astigmatism
- Microscope and it’s types
- Fundamentals of Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Optical Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Radio Telescope
- Types of Telescope: Telescopes Used in Space
Thermal Physics
- Heat
- The Temperature and a Thermometer
- Scales of Thermometers
- Flow of Heat
- Transfer of Heat
- Thermal Expansion
- Expansion of Solids
- Expansion of Liquids
- Expansion of Gases
- Fundamental Laws of Gases
- Pressure and Volume Relationship or Bolye's Law
- Temperature - Volume Relationship or Charles's Law
- Avogadro's Law
- Gases and Its Characteristics
- Classification of Gases: Real Gases and Ideal Gases
- Gas Equation
Electricity
- Electricity
- Electric Current
- Electric Circuit
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Ohm's Law
- Electric Resistance
- Specific Resistance
- Resistance of a System of Resistors
- Resistors in Series
- Resistors in Parallel
- Series Connection of Parallel Resistors
- Parallel Connection of Series Resistors
- Heating Effect of Electric Current
- Joule’s Law of Heating
- Electrical Power
- Household Electrical Circuits
- Earthing
- Led Bulb
- Led Television
Acoustics
- Sound Waves
- Light Waves vs Sound Waves
- Audibility and Range
- Speed of Sound (Velocity of Sound)
- Factors Affecting Speed of Sound
- Speed of Sound in Different Media
- Reflection of Sound Waves
- Law of Reflection of Light
- Reflection of Sound Waves
- Echo
- Application of Reflection of Sound
- Doppler Effect
- Expression for Apparent Frequency Due to Doppler Effect
- Applications of Doppler Effect
Nuclear Physics
- Radioactivity
- Types of Radioactivity
- Radioactivity as emission of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Radiations
- Properties of Alpha Particles
- Properties of Beta Particles
- Properties of Gamma Radiations
- Changes Within the Nucleus in Alpha, Beta and Gamma Emission
- Alpha Decay (Alpha Emission)
- Beta Decay (Beta Emission)
- Gamma Decay (Gamma Emission)
- Nuclear Fission
- Nuclear Fusion
- Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
- Nuclear Reactor
- Safety Precautions While Using Nuclear Energy
- Power Plants Based on Nuclear Energy
Atoms and Molecules
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atomic Mass
- Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Molecular Mass
- Difference Between Atoms and Molecules
- Mole Concept
- Percentage Composition, Empirical and Molecular Formula
- Avogadro's Law
- Vapour Density and Its Relation to Relative Molecular Mass
Periodic Classification of Elements
- Classification of Elements
- Modern Periodic Law
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Periods and Electronic Configuration
- Atomic Size
- Ionic Radii
- Ionisation Potential (Ionisation Energy)
- Electron Affinity
- Electronegativity
- Metallurgy
- Types of Separation or Concentration of an Ore
- Occurrence of Ores in Tamil Nadu
- Earth and Elements
- Metallurgy of Aluminium
- Basic Principles of Metallurgy > Extraction of Metals
- Metallurgy of Copper
- Extraction of Copper
- Metallurgy of Iron
- Extraction of Iron
- Alloy
- Methods of Making Alloys
- Corrosion of Metals
- Pamban Bridge
Solutions
- Introduction to Solutions
- Composition of a Solution
- Types of Solutions
- Solubility
- Concentration of a Solution
- Hydrated and Anhydrous Substances
- Efflorescence, Hygroscopic, and Deliquescence Substances
- Problems Based on Solubility and Percentage by Mass and Volume
Types of Chemical Reactions
- Chemical Reaction
- Effects of Chemical Changes: Biological Effects
- Effects of Chemical Changes: Environmental Effects
- Chemical Equations
- Balancing Chemical Equation
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Combination Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Decomposition Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Single Displacement Reaction
- Types of Chemical Reactions > Double Displacement Reaction
- Chemical Properties of Carbon Compounds > Combustion
- Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
- Rate of Chemical Reaction
- State of Equilibrium
- Ionic Product of Water
- The pH Scale
- Indicators
- Ph Calculation
- Problems on Ph
Carbon and Its Compounds
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Classification of Compounds of Carbon
- Organic Compounds
- Classification of Organic Compounds Based on the Pattern of Carbon Chain
- Classification of Organic Compound Based on the Kind of Atoms
- Hydrocarbons
- Functional Groups in Carbon Compounds
- Homologous Series
- Nomenclature
- IUPAC Nomenclature of Hydrocarbons
- IUPAC Nomenclature of other classes
- Ethanol
- Laboratory Preparation of Ethanol
- Ethanoic Acid
- Organic Compounds in Daily Life
- Soap
- Detergents
- Cleansing Action of Soap
Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Tissue System
- Internal Structure of Dicot Root (Bean)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Root (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Stem (Sunflower)
- Internal Structure of Monocot Stem (Maize)
- Internal Structure of Dicot Leaf (Dorsiventral Leaf) Ex. Mango Leaf
- Internal Structure of Monocot Leaf (Isobilateral Leaf) Ex.Grass Leaf
- Plastids
- Concept of Photosynthesis
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Chlorophyll: The Vital Plant Pigment
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Light-Dependent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Light-Independent Phase of Photosynthesis
- Factors Affecting Photosynthesis
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Cellular Respiration
- Phases of Respiration: Glycolysis
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport System (Ets) and Oxidative Phosphorylation
- Phases of Respiration: Pyruvate Oxidation (Link Reaction)
- Phases of Respiration: Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle)
- Phases of Respiration: Fermentation
- Phases of Respiration: Electron Transport Chain (Electron Transfer System)
- Respiratory Quotient (R.Q.)
Structural Organisation of Animals
- The Indian Cattle Leech (Hirudinaria Granulosa)
- External Morphology of Leech
- Digestive System of Leech
- Respiratory System of Leech
- Circulatory System of Leech
- Nervous System of Leech
- Excretory System of Leech
- Reproductive System of Leech
- Parasitic Adaptations of Leech
- Rabbit (Oryctolagus Cuniculus)
- External Morphology of Rabbit
- Coelom (Body Cavity) of Rabbit
- Digestive System of Rabbit
- Respiratory System of Rabbit
- Circulatory System of Rabbit
- Nervous System of Rabbit
- Urinogenital System of Rabbit
Transportation in Plants and Circulation in Animals
- Transport System in Plants
- Diffusion
- Active Transport
- Osmosis
- Imbibition
- Path of Water Across the Root
- Concept of Transpiration
- Factors Affecting the Rate of Transpiration
- Root Pressure
- Uptake of Minerals
- Transport of Mineral Ions
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances
- Forces Contributing to Ascent of Sap
- Blood
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Composition of Blood > Cellular Elements: Blood Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Functions of Blood
- Blood Circulatory System
- Human Heart
- Blood Vessels
- Circulation of Blood in the Heart (Functioning of Heart)
- Types of Closed Circulation
- Heart Beat
- Working mechanism of human heart
- Blood Pressure (B.P.)
- Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)
- Lymph and Lymphatic System
Nervous System
- Human Nervous System
- Neuron (Or Nerve Cell)
- Neuroglial Cells (Or Glial Cells)
- Nerve Fibres
- Transmission of Nerve Impulse
- Major Division of the Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- The Human Brain
- The Spinal Cord
- Cerebrospinal Fluid
- Reflex Action
- Peripheral Nervous System > Somatic Nervous System
Plant and Animal Hormones
- Chemical Coordination
- Plant Hormones
- Auxins
- Cytokinins
- Gibberellins
- Abscisic Acid (ABA)
- Ethylene
- Hormonal Regulation in Animals
- Human Endocrine System
- Pituitary Gland or Hypophysis Gland
- Thyroid Gland
- Parathyroid Gland
- Pancreas (Islets of Langerhans)
- Adrenal Gland (Suprarenal Gland)
- Reproductive Glands (Gonads)
- Thymus Gland
Reproduction in Plants and Animals
- Reproduction
- Sexual Reproduction in Plants
- Pollination
- Self-pollination
- Cross-pollination
- Menstrual Cycle (Ovarian Cycle)
- Fertilization to Foetal Development
- Concept of Reproductive Health
- Family Planning
- Types of Hygiene: Personal Hygiene
Genetics
Origin and Evolution of Life
- The Universe
- Theories of Origin of Life
- Chemical Evolution of Life (Self-assembly Theory of the Origin of Life)
- Evidence of Evolution > Morphological Evidences
- Paleobotany
- Ethnobotany
- Astrobiology/Exobiology
Breeding and Biotechnology
- Breeding and Biotechnology
- Modern Agricultural Practices and Crop Improvement
- Green Revolution
- Methods of Plant Breeding for Crop Improvement
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock) > Animal Breeding
- Genetic Engineering
- Biotechnology in Medicine
- Stem Cells
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Crop Biotechnology > Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)
Health and Diseases
- Abuse and Types of Abuse
- Approaches for Protection of an Abused Child
- Drug Abuse
- Tobacco Abuse
- Alcohol Abuse
- Diseases and Disorders Due to Lifestyle Modifications
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Obesity and Its Prevention
- Heart Disease
- Cancer
Environmental Management
- Environmental Management
- Protecting our environment
- Forests: Our Lifeline
- Deforestation and Its Causes
- Conservation of Forests
- Wildlife
- Conservation of Wildlife
- Soil Erosion
- Soil Conservation
- Energy Resources > Conventional energy resources or non-renewable energy resources
- Fossil Fuels
- Conservation of Coal, Petroleum, and Natural Resources
- Electricity Generation using Solar Energy
- Solar Energy Devices
- Bio-energy
- Shale Gas
- Electricity Generation using Hydroelectric Energy
- Energy from the Sea
- Fresh Water Management
- Conservation of Electrical Energy
- E-waste Management
- Sewage and Its Management
- Waste Water Management
- Five R’s of Waste Management
Visual Communication
- Visual Communication Devices
- File and Folder
- Scratch
