Topics
Introduction
- A Simple Economy
- Central Problems of an Economy
- Concepts of Production Possibility Frontier
- Organisation of Economic Activities
- Positive and Normative Economics
- Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
Introductory Macroeconomics
Introduction
- How Macroeconomics Differs from Microeconomics
- Representative Goods and Sectors
- Macroeconomic Agents and Government Role
- Emergence of Macroeconomics
- Context of the Present Book of Macroeconomics
Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
- Introduction to Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
- Low Level of Economic Development Under the Colonial Rule
- Agricultural Sector in India
- Industrial Sector
- Foreign Trade of India
- Demographic Condition
- Occupational Structure
- Infrastructure
National Income Accounting
- Meaning of Economic Wealth and Final Goods
- Stocks, Flows, and Depreciation
- Capital Formation, Trade-off & Circular Flow of Income
- Circular Flow of Income and Methods of Calculating National Income
- Output Method/Product Method
- Expenditure Method
- Income Method
- Factor Cost, Basic Prices and Market Prices
- Some Macroeconomic Identities
- National Disposable Income
- Private Income
- National Income Aggregates
- Real GDP and Nominal GDP
- GDP and Welfare
Indian Economy 1950-1990
Indian Economic Development
Theory of Consumer Behaviour
- Consumer Behaviour: The Problem of Choice
- Basic Concepts of Microeconomics > Utility
- Cardinal Approach (Utility Analysis)
- Derivation of Demand Curve in the Case of a Single Commodity
- Ordinal Utility Analysis/Indifference Curve Analysis
Production and Costs
- Production Function
- Basics of Production Theory
- Variation of Output in the Short-Run Returns to a Factor
- Relation Between Total, Average and Marginal Product
- Law of Variable Proportions
- Average and Marginal Physical Products
- Changes in Production
- Cost - Fixed Cost
- Cost -variable Cost
- Behaviour of Cost in the Short - Run
- Relationship Between Average Variable Cost and Average Total Cost and Marginal Cost
- Concept of Opportunity Cost
- Marginal Revenue
- Producer's Equilibrium
- Law of Supply
- Market Supply Schedule
- Distinguish between Stock and Supply
- Determinants of Supply
- Movements Along and Shifts in Supply Curve
- Measurement of Elasticity of Supply
- Methods of Measurement of National Income
- Cost Concepts > Marginal Cost
- The Law of Diminishing Marginal Product
- Shapes of Product Curves
- Costs in Long Run Period
- Returns to Scale
Money and Banking
- Concept of Money
- Functions of Money
- Demand for Money and Supply of Money
- Money Creation by Banking System
- Limits to Credit Creation and Money Multiplier
- Policy Tools To Control Money Supply
- Demand and Supply for Money : A Detailed Discussion
- The Transaction Motive
- The Speculative Motive
- Various Measures of Supply of Money
- Legal Definitions: Narrow and Broad Money
- Demonetisation
Liberalisation, Privatisation and Globalisation : An Appraisal
Introductory Microeconomics
Determination of Income and Employment
- Aggregate Demand and Its Components
- Consumption
- Consumption and Saving Propensities
- Investment
- Determination of Income in Two-sector Model
- Determination of Equilibrium Income in the Short Run
- Macroeconomic Equilibrium with Price Level Fixed
- Effect of an Autonomous Change in Aggregate Demand on Income and Output
- The Multiplier Mechanism
- Paradox of Thrift
- Equilibrium Output and Employment
The Theory of the Firm Under Perfect Competition
- Concept of Market
- Market Equilibrium
- Determination of Market Equilibrium
- Effect of Simultaneous change in Demand and Supply on Equilibrium Price
- Perfect Competition
- Imperfect Competition
- Classification of Market Structure
- Oligopoly
- Market Forms - Perfect Oligopoly
- Market Forms - Imperfect Oligopoly
- Equilibrium Price
- Applications of Tools of Demand and Supply Price Control
- Price Ceiling
- Price Floor
- Revenue Concepts
- Profit Maximisation Objective
- Determinants of a Firm’s Supply Curve
- Market Supply Schedule
- Price Elasticity of Supply
Human Capital Formation in India
Market Equilibrium
- Simple Monopoly in the Commodity Market
- Other Non - Perfectly Competitive Markets
Government Budget and the Economy
Rural Development
Employment: Growth, Informalisation and Other Issues
- The Nature and Importance of Work in Society
- Workers and Employment
- Participation of People in Employment
- Self-employed and Hired Workers
- Employment in Firms, Factories and Offices
- Growth and Changing Structure of Employment
- Informalisation of Indian Workforce
- Concept of Unemployment
- Government and Employment Generation
Open Economy Macroeconomics
- Open Economy and Its Linkages
- Concept of Balance of Payments
- Current Account
- Capital Account
- Balance of Payments Surplus and Deficit
- Foreign Exchange Market
- Foreign Exchange Rate
- Determination of the Exchange Rate
- Merits and Demerits of Flexible and Fixed Exchange Rate Systems
- Managed Floating Exchange Rate System
Environment and Sustainable Development
Comparative Development Experiences of India and Its Neighbours
- Comparative Development Strategies: India, China, and Pakistan
- Developmental Path - a Snapshot View
- Demographic Indicators
- Gross Domestic Product and Sectors
- Indicators of Human Development
- Development Strategies - an Appraisal
- Annual Growth of Gross Domestic Product, 1980–2017
- Sectoral Share of Employment and GDP (%) in 2021
- Trends in Output Growth in Different Sectors, 1980–2015
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Gross Domestic Product and Sectors
- GDP (PPP): China ≈ 35 trillion, India ≈ 15 trillion, Pakistan ≈ 1.5 trillion; India is about 42% of China and Pakistan is about 10% of India.
- 1980–90 growth: China grew fastest (around double‑digit), Pakistan next, India lowest; recently China and Pakistan slowed, while India’s growth is around 7%.
- Agriculture: big employer but smaller GDP share in all three; over‑dependence is highest in India, then Pakistan, least in China.
- Industry: China has the strongest industrial base; India and Pakistan have similar, lower industry employment (about one‑fourth of workers).
- Services: largest share of GDP in all three; China’s growth is driven by industry + services, India’s mainly by services, Pakistan’s has weakened across all sectors.
Related QuestionsVIEW ALL [14]
On the basis of the data given below, identify the incorrect statement in terms of annual growth of GDP (%): (Choose the correct alternative)
| Annual Growth of Gross Domestic Product (%) 1980-2017 | ||
| Country | 1980-90 | 2015-2017 |
| India | 5.7 | 7.3 |
| China | 10.3 | 6.8 |
| Pakistan | 6.3 | 5.3 |
Identify the correctly matched pair in Column A and Column B from the following:
| Column A | Cloumn B | ||
| (1) | Product differentiation | (a) | Feature of Perfect Competition |
| (2) | Firms sell homogeneous products | (b) | Feature of Perfect Competition |
| (3) | Optimal allocation of resources in the long run | (c) | Limitation of Perfect Competition |
| (4) | Firms are price makers | (d) | Advantage of Perfect Competition |
