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Solve the following differential equation: x dy = (x + y + 1) dx

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Question

Solve the following differential equation:

x dy = (x + y + 1) dx

Sum
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Solution

x dy = (x + y + 1) dx

∴ `"dy"/"dx" = ("x + y + 1")/"x" = ("x + 1")/"x" + "y"/"x"`

∴ `"dy"/"dx" - 1/"x" * "y" = ("x + 1")/"x"`   ....(1)

This is the linear differential equation of the form

`"dy"/"dx" + "Py" = "Q",` where P = `- 1/"x" and "Q" = ("x + 1")/"x"`

∴ I.F. = `"e"^(int "P dx") = "e"^(int - 1/"x" "dx")`

`= "e"^(- log "x") = "e"^(log (1/"x")) = 1/"x"`

∴ the solution of (1) is given by

`"y" * ("I.F.") = int "Q" * ("I.F.")"dx" + "c"`

∴ `"y"*1/"x" = int ("x + 1")/"x" xx 1/"x" "dx" + "c"`

∴ `"y"/"x" = int ("x + 1")/"x"^2 "dx" + "c"`

∴ `"y"/"x" = int (1/"x" + 1/"x"^2) "dx" + "c"`

∴ `"y"/"x" = int 1/"x" "dx" + int "x"^-2 "dx" + "c"`

∴ `"y"/"x" = log |"x"| + "x"^-1/-1 + "c"`

∴ y = x log x - 1 + cx

This is the general solution.

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Notes

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Chapter 6: Differential Equations - Miscellaneous exercise 2 [Page 217]

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Balbharati Mathematics and Statistics 2 (Arts and Science) [English] Standard 12 Maharashtra State Board
Chapter 6 Differential Equations
Miscellaneous exercise 2 | Q 5.4 | Page 217

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