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M is Said to Be Related to N If M and N Are Integers and M − N is Divisible by 13. Does this Define an Equivalence Relation?

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Question

m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m − n is divisible by 13. Does this define an equivalence relation?

Sum
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Solution

We observe the following properties of relation R.

Let  R={(m, n) : m, n ∈Z : m−n is divisible by 13}

Relexivity : Let m be an arbitrary element of Z. Then,

m ∈ R

⇒ m−m = 0 = 0 × 13

⇒ m−m is divisible by 13

⇒ (m, m) is reflexive on Z.

Symmetry: Let (m, n) ∈ R. Then,

m−n is divisible by 13

⇒ m−n = 13p

Here, p ∈ Z

⇒ n−m=13 (−p) 

Here, −p ∈ Z

⇒ n−m is divisible by 13

⇒ (n, m)∈ R for all m, n ∈ Z 

So, R is symmetric on Z.

Transitivity: Let (m, n) and (n, o)∈R

⇒ m−n and n−o are divisible by 13

⇒ m−n=13p and n − o =13q for some p, q ∈ Z

Adding the above two, we get

  m− n+n−o =13p + 13q

⇒ m−o =13 (p+q)

Here, p+q ∈ Z

⇒ m−o is divisible by 13

⇒(m, o) ∈ R for all m, o ∈ Z

So, R is transitive on Z.

Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.

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Chapter 1: Relations - Exercise 1.2 [Page 26]

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R.D. Sharma Mathematics Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12
Chapter 1 Relations
Exercise 1.2 | Q 6 | Page 26

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