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Question
m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m − n is divisible by 13. Does this define an equivalence relation?
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Solution
We observe the following properties of relation R.
Let R={(m, n) : m, n ∈Z : m−n is divisible by 13}
Relexivity : Let m be an arbitrary element of Z. Then,
m ∈ R
⇒ m−m = 0 = 0 × 13
⇒ m−m is divisible by 13
⇒ (m, m) is reflexive on Z.
Symmetry: Let (m, n) ∈ R. Then,
m−n is divisible by 13
⇒ m−n = 13p
Here, p ∈ Z
⇒ n−m=13 (−p)
Here, −p ∈ Z
⇒ n−m is divisible by 13
⇒ (n, m)∈ R for all m, n ∈ Z
So, R is symmetric on Z.
Transitivity: Let (m, n) and (n, o)∈R
⇒ m−n and n−o are divisible by 13
⇒ m−n=13p and n − o =13q for some p, q ∈ Z
Adding the above two, we get
m− n+n−o =13p + 13q
⇒ m−o =13 (p+q)
Here, p+q ∈ Z
⇒ m−o is divisible by 13
⇒(m, o) ∈ R for all m, o ∈ Z
So, R is transitive on Z.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.
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