Advertisements
Advertisements
प्रश्न
m is said to be related to n if m and n are integers and m − n is divisible by 13. Does this define an equivalence relation?
Advertisements
उत्तर
We observe the following properties of relation R.
Let R={(m, n) : m, n ∈Z : m−n is divisible by 13}
Relexivity : Let m be an arbitrary element of Z. Then,
m ∈ R
⇒ m−m = 0 = 0 × 13
⇒ m−m is divisible by 13
⇒ (m, m) is reflexive on Z.
Symmetry: Let (m, n) ∈ R. Then,
m−n is divisible by 13
⇒ m−n = 13p
Here, p ∈ Z
⇒ n−m=13 (−p)
Here, −p ∈ Z
⇒ n−m is divisible by 13
⇒ (n, m)∈ R for all m, n ∈ Z
So, R is symmetric on Z.
Transitivity: Let (m, n) and (n, o)∈R
⇒ m−n and n−o are divisible by 13
⇒ m−n=13p and n − o =13q for some p, q ∈ Z
Adding the above two, we get
m− n+n−o =13p + 13q
⇒ m−o =13 (p+q)
Here, p+q ∈ Z
⇒ m−o is divisible by 13
⇒(m, o) ∈ R for all m, o ∈ Z
So, R is transitive on Z.
Hence, R is an equivalence relation on Z.
APPEARS IN
संबंधित प्रश्न
Let N denote the set of all natural numbers and R be the relation on N × N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) if ad (b + c) = bc (a + d). Show that R is an equivalence relation.
If R=[(x, y) : x+2y=8] is a relation on N, write the range of R.
Given an example of a relation. Which is reflexive and transitive but not symmetric.
The binary operation *: R x R → R is defined as a *b = 2a + b Find (2 * 3)*4
Let R be a relation defined on the set of natural numbers N as
R = {(x, y) : x, y ∈ N, 2x + y = 41}
Find the domain and range of R. Also, verify whether R is (i) reflexive, (ii) symmetric (iii) transitive.
Is it true that every relation which is symmetric and transitive is also reflexive? Give reasons.
Give an example of a relation which is symmetric but neither reflexive nor transitive?
Give an example of a relation which is transitive but neither reflexive nor symmetric?
Let A = {a, b, c} and the relation R be defined on A as follows: R = {(a, a), (b, c), (a, b)}. Then, write minimum number of ordered pairs to be added in R to make it reflexive and transitive.
Let Z be the set of integers. Show that the relation
R = {(a, b) : a, b ∈ Z and a + b is even}
is an equivalence relation on Z.
If R and S are transitive relations on a set A, then prove that R ∪ S may not be a transitive relation on A.
A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} and if R = {(x, y) : y is one half of x; x, y ∈ A} is a relation on A, then write R as a set of ordered pairs.
Let R = {(a, a3) : a is a prime number less than 5} be a relation. Find the range of R.
Let A = {0, 1, 2, 3} and R be a relation on A defined as
R = {(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 3), (1, 0), (1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 0), (3, 3)}
Is R reflexive? symmetric? transitive?
Let the relation R be defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by R = {(a, b) : | a2- b2 | < 8}. Write R as a set of ordered pairs.
Write the smallest equivalence relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3} ?
The relation R defined on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} by
R = {(a, b) : | a2 − b2 | < 16} is given by ______________ .
The relation 'R' in N × N such that
(a, b) R (c, d) ⇔ a + d = b + c is ______________ .
If A = {1, 2, 3}, then a relation R = {(2, 3)} on A is _____________ .
Mark the correct alternative in the following question:
Let A = {1, 2, 3} and consider the relation R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (1, 2), (2, 3), (1, 3)}. Then, R is _______________ .
Show that the relation R on the set Z of all integers, given by R = {(a,b) : 2 divides (a-b)} is an equivalence relation.
If A = {a, b, c}, B = (x , y} find A × A.
Let A = {6, 8} and B = {1, 3, 5}.
Let R = {(a, b)/a∈ A, b∈ B, a – b is an even number}. Show that R is an empty relation from A to B.
Let n be a fixed positive integer. Define a relation R in Z as follows: ∀ a, b ∈ Z, aRb if and only if a – b is divisible by n. Show that R is an equivalance relation
Give an example of a map which is not one-one but onto
The following defines a relation on N:
x y is square of an integer x, y ∈ N
Determine which of the above relations are reflexive, symmetric and transitive.
R = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (1, 2), (2, 1), (2, 3)} be a relation on A, then R is ____________.
A relation R in set A = {1, 2, 3} is defined as R = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (2, 2), (3, 3)}. Which of the following ordered pair in R shall be removed to make it an equivalence relation in A?
Given set A = {a, b, c}. An identity relation in set A is ____________.
Sherlin and Danju are playing Ludo at home during Covid-19. While rolling the dice, Sherlin’s sister Raji observed and noted the possible outcomes of the throw every time belongs to set {1,2,3,4,5,6}. Let A be the set of players while B be the set of all possible outcomes.
A = {S, D}, B = {1,2,3,4,5,6}
- Let R ∶ B → B be defined by R = {(x, y): y is divisible by x} is ____________.
Students of Grade 9, planned to plant saplings along straight lines, parallel to each other to one side of the playground ensuring that they had enough play area. Let us assume that they planted one of the rows of the saplings along the line y = x − 4. Let L be the set of all lines which are parallel on the ground and R be a relation on L.
Answer the following using the above information.
- Let R = `{ ("L"_1, "L"_2) ∶ "L"_1 bot "L"_2 "where" "L"_1, "L"_2 in "L" }` which of the following is true?
A market research group conducted a survey of 2000 consumers and reported that 1720 consumers like product P1 and 1450 consumers like product P2. What is the least number that must have liked both the products?
Let R1 and R2 be two relations defined as follows :
R1 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∈ Q} and
R2 = {(a, b) ∈ R2 : a2 + b2 ∉ Q}, where Q is the set of all rational numbers. Then ______
lf A = {x ∈ z+ : x < 10 and x is a multiple of 3 or 4}, where z+ is the set of positive integers, then the total number of symmetric relations on A is ______.
Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4} and let R = {(2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (1, 2)} be a relation on A. Then R is ______.
Let N be the set of all natural numbers and R be a relation on N × N defined by (a, b) R (c, d) `⇔` ad = bc for all (a, b), (c, d) ∈ N × N. Show that R is an equivalence relation on N × N. Also, find the equivalence class of (2, 6), i.e., [(2, 6)].
Which relation demonstrates a symmetric relation?
When is a relation called an equivalence relation?
