English

Let R and N Be Positive Integers Such that 1 ≤ R ≤ N. Then Prove the Following: N C R N C R − 1 = N − R + 1 R - Mathematics

Advertisements
Advertisements

Question

Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

\[\frac{^{n}{}{C}_r}{^{n}{}{C}_{r - 1}} = \frac{n - r + 1}{r}\]
Advertisements

Solution

\[\frac{{}^n C_r}{{}^n C_{r - 1}} = \frac{n - r + 1}{r}\]

\[LHS = \frac{{}^n C_r}{{}^n C_{r - 1}} \]
\[ = \frac{n!}{r! \left( n - r \right)!} \times \frac{\left( r - 1 \right)! \left( n - r + 1 \right)!}{n!} \]
\[ = \frac{\left( n - r + 1 \right) \left( n - r \right)! \left( r - 1 \right)!}{r \left( r - 1 \right)! \left( n - r \right)!}\]
\[ = \frac{n - r + 1}{r} = RHS\]

∴\[LHS = RHS\]

shaalaa.com
Factorial N (N!) Permutations and Combinations
  Is there an error in this question or solution?
Chapter 17: Combinations - Exercise 17.1 [Page 9]

APPEARS IN

RD Sharma Mathematics [English] Class 11
Chapter 17 Combinations
Exercise 17.1 | Q 20.1 | Page 9

RELATED QUESTIONS

If (n + 2)! = 60 [(n − 1)!], find n. 


Prove that:

\[\frac{n!}{(n - r)! r!} + \frac{n!}{(n - r + 1)! (r - 1)!} = \frac{(n + 1)!}{r! (n - r + 1)!}\]


Prove that:

\[\frac{(2n + 1)!}{n!}\] = 2n [1 · 3 · 5 ... (2n − 1) (2n + 1)]

If P (5, r) = P (6, r − 1), find r ?


If 5 P(4, n) = 6. P (5, n − 1), find n ?


If P (n, 5) : P (n, 3) = 2 : 1, find n.


Prove that:1 . P (1, 1) + 2 . P (2, 2) + 3 . P (3, 3) + ... + n . P (nn) = P (n + 1, n + 1) − 1.


In how many ways can five children stand in a queue?


Four letters E, K, S and V, one in each, were purchased from a plastic warehouse. How many ordered pairs of letters, to be used as initials, can be formed from them?


If a denotes the number of permutations of (x + 2) things taken all at a time, b the number of permutations of x things taken 11 at a time and c the number of  permutations of x − 11 things taken all at a time such that a = 182 bc, find the value of x.


How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if no digit is repeated?


All the letters of the word 'EAMCOT' are arranged in different possible ways. Find the number of arrangements in which no two vowels are adjacent to each other.


In how many ways can the letters of the word 'FAILURE' be arranged so that the consonants may occupy only odd positions?


How many different words can be formed with the letters of word 'SUNDAY'? How many of the words begin with N? How many begin with N and end in Y?


How many different words can be formed from the letters of the word 'GANESHPURI'? In how many of these words:

the vowels always occupy even places?


How many permutations can be formed by the letters of the word, 'VOWELS', when

each word begins with O and ends with L?


How many words can be formed out of the letters of the word 'ARTICLE', so that vowels occupy even places?


How many words (with or without dictionary meaning) can be made from the letters in the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if all letters are used at a time.


Find the number of words formed by permuting all the letters of the following words:
INDEPENDENCE


Find the number of words formed by permuting all the letters of the following words:
SERIES


How many words can be formed with the letters of the word 'UNIVERSITY', the vowels remaining together?


How many numbers can be formed with the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 1 so that the odd digits always occupy the odd places?


In how many ways can the letters of the word 'ARRANGE' be arranged so that the two R's are never together?


How many different arrangements can be made by using all the letters in the word 'MATHEMATICS'. How many of them begin with C? How many of them begin with T?


How many numbers greater than 1000000 can be formed by using the digits 1, 2, 0, 2, 4, 2, 4?


Find the total number of ways in which six ‘+’ and four ‘−’ signs can be arranged in a line such that no two ‘−’ signs occur together.


The letters of the word 'ZENITH' are written in all possible orders. How many words are possible if all these words are written out as in a dictionary? What is the rank of the word 'ZENITH'?


Prove that the product of 2n consecutive negative integers is divisible by (2n)!


For all positive integers n, show that 2nCn + 2nCn − 1 = `1/2` 2n + 2Cn+1 


Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:
n · n − 1Cr − 1 = (n − r + 1) nCr − 1


Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

\[\frac{^{n}{}{C}_r}{^{n - 1}{}{C}_{r - 1}} = \frac{n}{r}\]

Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

 nCr + 2 · nCr − 1 + nCr − 2 = n + 2Cr.


How many words each of 3 vowels and 2 consonants can be formed from the letters of the word INVOLUTE?


Write the number of diagonals of an n-sided polygon.


Write the number of ways in which 5 red and 4 white balls can be drawn from a bag containing 10 red and 8 white balls.


Share
Notifications

Englishहिंदीमराठी


      Forgot password?
Use app×