English

Prove That: N ! ( N − R ) ! R ! + N ! ( N − R + 1 ) ! ( R − 1 ) ! = ( N + 1 ) ! R ! ( N − R + 1 ) !

Advertisements
Advertisements

Question

Prove that:

\[\frac{n!}{(n - r)! r!} + \frac{n!}{(n - r + 1)! (r - 1)!} = \frac{(n + 1)!}{r! (n - r + 1)!}\]

Advertisements

Solution

\[ LHS = \frac{n!}{\left( n - r \right)!r!} + \frac{n!}{\left( n - r + 1 \right)!}\]
\[ = \frac{n!}{\left( n - r \right)!r!} + \frac{n!}{(n - r + 1) [(n - r)!]}\]
\[ = \frac{n!\left( n - r + 1 \right) + n!r!}{r!\left( n - r + 1 \right) [(n - r)!]}\]
\[ = \frac{n!\left( n + 1 \right) - n!r! + n!r!}{r!\left( n - r + 1 \right)\left( n - r \right)!}\]
\[ = \frac{n!(n + 1)}{r!\left( n - r + 1 \right)\left( n - r \right)!}\]
\[ = \frac{\left( n + 1! \right)}{r!\left( n - r + 1 \right)!} = \text{RHS}\]
\[ \text{Hence proved} .\]

shaalaa.com
Factorial N (N!) Permutations and Combinations
  Is there an error in this question or solution?
Chapter 16: Permutations - Exercise 16.1 [Page 5]

APPEARS IN

R.D. Sharma Mathematics [English] Class 11
Chapter 16 Permutations
Exercise 16.1 | Q 11.2 | Page 5

RELATED QUESTIONS

Convert the following products into factorials:

5 · 6 · 7 · 8 · 9 · 10


Convert the following products into factorials: 

(n + 1) (n + 2) (n + 3) ... (2n)


If (n + 2)! = 60 [(n − 1)!], find n. 


Prove that: 

\[\frac{n!}{(n - r)!}\] = n (n − 1) (n − 2) ... (n − (r − 1))

If P (5, r) = P (6, r − 1), find r ?


If P (n, 4) = 12 . P (n, 2), find n.


If P (n − 1, 3) : P (n, 4) = 1 : 9, find n.


Find the number of different 4-letter words, with or without meanings, that can be formed from the letters of the word 'NUMBER'.


How many words, with or without meaning, can be formed by using the letters of the word 'TRIANGLE'?


There are two works each of 3 volumes and two works each of 2 volumes; In how many ways can the 10 books be placed on a shelf so that the volumes of the same work are not separated?


How many 3-digit numbers can be formed by using the digits 1 to 9 if no digit is repeated?


How many words can be formed from the letters of the word 'SUNDAY'? How many of these begin with D?


How many permutations can be formed by the letters of the word, 'VOWELS', when

each word begins with O and ends with L?


In how many ways can a lawn tennis mixed double be made up from seven married couples if no husband and wife play in the same set?


How many words (with or without dictionary meaning) can be made from the letters in the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if 4 letters are used at a time?


How many words (with or without dictionary meaning) can be made from the letters in the word MONDAY, assuming that no letter is repeated, if all letters are used but first is vowel.


Find the number of words formed by permuting all the letters of the following words:

PAKISTAN


Find the number of words formed by permuting all the letters of the following words:
EXERCISES


In how many ways can the letters of the word 'ALGEBRA' be arranged without changing the relative order of the vowels and consonants?


How many different numbers, greater than 50000 can be formed with the digits 0, 1, 1, 5, 9.


How many permutations of the letters of the word 'MADHUBANI' do not begin with M but end with I?


How many different arrangements can be made by using all the letters in the word 'MATHEMATICS'. How many of them begin with C? How many of them begin with T?


If the letters of the word 'LATE' be permuted and the words so formed be arranged as in a dictionary, find the rank of the word LATE.


In how many ways can the letters of the word "INTERMEDIATE" be arranged so that:

the relative order of vowels and consonants do not alter?


Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

\[\frac{^{n}{}{C}_r}{^{n}{}{C}_{r - 1}} = \frac{n - r + 1}{r}\]

Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

\[\frac{^{n}{}{C}_r}{^{n - 1}{}{C}_{r - 1}} = \frac{n}{r}\]

Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:

 nCr + 2 · nCr − 1 + nCr − 2 = n + 2Cr.


How many words, with or without meaning can be formed from the letters of the word 'MONDAY', assuming that no letter is repeated, if  all letters are used at a time 


Write the maximum number of points of intersection of 8 straight lines in a plane.


Write the number of parallelograms that can be formed from a set of four parallel lines intersecting another set of three parallel lines.


Write the total number of words formed by 2 vowels and 3 consonants taken from 4 vowels and 5 consonants.


Share
Notifications

Englishहिंदीमराठी


      Forgot password?
Use app×