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Question
Let r and n be positive integers such that 1 ≤ r ≤ n. Then prove the following:
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Solution
\[LHS = \frac{{}^n C_r}{{}^{n - 1} C_{r - 1}} \]
\[ = \frac{n!}{r! \left( n - r \right)!} \times \frac{\left( r - 1 \right)! \left( n - 1 - r + 1 \right)!}{\left( n - 1 \right)!} \]
\[ = \frac{n \left( n - 1 \right)!}{r \left( r - 1 \right)! \left( n - r \right)!} \times \frac{\left( r - 1 \right)! \left( n - r \right)!}{\left( n - 1 \right)!} \]
\[ = \frac{n}{r} = RHS\]
∴ LHS = RHS
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