Advertisements
Advertisements
Question
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
Advertisements
Solution
Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce in large quantities, the development of bioreactors, where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed, was required. Thus, bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal or human cells. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate”, salts, vitamins, oxygen).
Simple stirred-tank bioreactor
Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor through which sterile air bubbles are sparged
| Flask | Bioreactor |
| Flask is used for small laboratory scale testing of a culture. | Bioreactor is used for commercial production |
| The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be grown on a small scale in the laboratory. | The cells can also be multiplied in a continuous culture system wherein the used medium is drained out from one side while the fresh medium is added from the other to maintain the cells in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. This type of culturing method produces larger biomass leading to higher yields of desired protein. |
APPEARS IN
RELATED QUESTIONS
Can you list 10 recombinant proteins which are used in medical practice? Find out where they are used as therapeutics (use the internet).
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
______ plays an important role in blood clotting.
DNA fragments generated by the restriction endonuclease in a chemical reaction can be separated by ______.
During the purification process for recombinant DNA technology, the addition of chilled ethanol precipitates out ______.
Which of the following contributed in popularising the PCR (polymerase chain reactions) technique?
Significance of 'heat shock' method in bacterial transformation is to facilitate ______.
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
While doing a PCR, ‘denaturation’ step is missed. What will be its effect on the process?
Read the paragraph given below and answer and questions that follow:
| Enzyme Taq polymerase, is extracted from a eubacterial microorganism Thermus aquaticus from Yellowstone National Park in Montana, USA and isolated by Chien et al. (1976). Taq polymerase successfully replaced the DNA polymerase from E.coli that was being used in PCR earlier and this shift revolutionised the PCR technique. |
- Taq polymerase after its discovery replaced E.coli DNA polymerase in PCR technique. Explain giving reasons why was the need felt for the change?
- What is a primer and its importance in PCR?
- Write the importance of PCR as a diagnostic tool.
Assertion (A): Synthetic oligonucleotide polymers are used during Annealing in a PCR.
Reason (R): The primers bind to the double stranded DNA at their complementary regions.
Given below are two statements:
Statement I: The DNA fragments extracted from gel electrophoresis can be used in construction of recombinant DNA.
Statement II: Smaller size DNA fragments are observed near anode while larger fragments are found near the wells in an agarose gel.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Which enzymes act as 'molecular scissors' to cut purified DNA precisely at specific target sites?
In the provided agarose gel electrophoresis image, what is represented in lane 1 compared to lanes 2 through 4?
Which enzyme is responsible for joining the desired gene to a carrier vector DNA to form recombinant DNA?
How are bacterial cells typically made competent to facilitate the uptake of recombinant DNA during transformation?
