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प्रश्न
Illustrate the design of a bioreactor. Highlight the difference between a flask in your laboratory and a bioreactor which allows cells to grow in a continuous culture system.
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उत्तर
Small volume cultures cannot yield appreciable quantities of products. To produce in large quantities, the development of bioreactors, where large volumes (100-1000 litres) of culture can be processed, was required. Thus, bioreactors can be thought of as vessels in which raw materials are biologically converted into specific products, individual enzymes, etc., using microbial plant, animal or human cells. A bioreactor provides the optimal conditions for achieving the desired product by providing optimum growth conditions (temperature, pH, substrate”, salts, vitamins, oxygen).
Simple stirred-tank bioreactor
Sparged stirred-tank bioreactor through which sterile air bubbles are sparged
| Flask | Bioreactor |
| Flask is used for small laboratory scale testing of a culture. | Bioreactor is used for commercial production |
| The cells harbouring cloned genes of interest may be grown on a small scale in the laboratory. | The cells can also be multiplied in a continuous culture system wherein the used medium is drained out from one side while the fresh medium is added from the other to maintain the cells in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. This type of culturing method produces larger biomass leading to higher yields of desired protein. |
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Suggest and describe a technique to obtain multiple copies of a gene of interest in vitro.
From what you have learnt, can you tell whether enzymes are bigger or DNA is bigger in molecular size? How did you know?
Can you recall meiosis and indicate at what stage recombinant DNA is made?
Describe briefly the following:
Bioreactors
Describe briefly the following:
Downstream processing
State the importance of using a bioreactor.
Prepare a flow chart in formation of recombinant DNA by the action of restriction endonuclease enzyme EcoRI.
In a pathological lab, a series of steps were undertaken for finding the gene of interest. Describe the steps, or make a flow chart showing the process of amplification of this gene of interest.
PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism are the methods for ______.
PCR proceeds mthree distinct steps governed by temperature, they are in order of ______.
The first step in recombinant DNA technology is
In PCR, primers are used for ______.
During the process of gene amplification using PCR, if a very high temperature is not maintained in the beginning, then which of the following steps of PCR will be affected first?
Which of the following steps are catalysed by Taq DNA polymerase in a PCR reaction?
A bacterial cell was transformed with a recombinant DNA molecule that was generated using a human gene. However, the transformed cells did not produce the desired protein. Reasons could be ______.
Identify and explain steps ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ in the PCR diagram given below.
Write the scientific name of the source organism of the thermostable DNA polymerase used in PCR.
Main steps in the formation of Recombinant DNA are given below. Arrange these steps in a correct sequence.
- Insertion of recombinant DNA into the host cell.
- Cutting of DNA at specific location by restriction enzyme.
- Isolation of desired DNA fragment.
- Amplification of gene of interest using PCR.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
