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How does Russell's definition of knowledge differ from what is commonly understood by the term? - English Elective - NCERT

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How does Russell's definition of knowledge differ from what is commonly understood by the term?

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Knowledge is a treasure and Russell was a seeker of it. He craved to know and understood the Pythagorean power by which a number holds sway over the flux. He was a much learned man. He did believe that he achieved a little of it as well and yet he yearned for more. The understanding of the higher subjects, why the stars shine? He beseeched beyond all this and it in turn took him upward toward the heavens.

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Chapter 3.2: My Three Passions - Understanding the text [Page 151]

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NCERT English (Elective) - Woven Words
Chapter 3.2 My Three Passions
Understanding the text | Q 4 | Page 151

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Read the passage given below : 

1. Maharana Pratap ruled over Mewar only for 25 years. However, he accomplished so much grandeur during his reign that his glory surpassed the boundaries of countries and time turning him into an immortal personality. He along with his kingdom became a synonym for valour, sacrifice and patriotism. Mewar had been a leading Rajput kingdom even before Maharana Pratap occupied the throne. Kings of Mewar, with the cooperation of their nobles and subjects, had established such traditions in the kingdom, as augmented their magnificence despite the hurdles of having a smaller area under their command and less population. There did come a few thorny occasions when the flag of the kingdom seemed sliding down. Their flag once again heaved high in the sky thanks to the gallantry and brilliance of the people of Mewar.
 
2. The destiny of Mewar was good in the sense that barring a few kings, most of the rulers were competent and patriotic. This glorious tradition of the kingdom almost continued for 1500 years since its establishment, right from the reign of Bappa Rawal. In fact, only 60 years before Maharana Pratap, Rana Sanga drove the kingdom to the pinnacle of fame. His reputation went beyond Rajasthan and reached Delhi. Two generations before him. Rana Kumbha had given a new stature to the kingdom through victories and developmental work. During his reign, literature and art also progressed extraordinarily. Rana himself was inclined towards writing and his works are read with reverence even today The ambience of his kingdom was conducive to the creation of high-quality work of art and literature. These accomplishments were the outcome of a longstanding tradition sustained by several generations.
 
3. The life of the people of Mewar must have been peaceful and prosperous during the long span of time; otherwise, such extraordinary accomplishment in these fields would not have been possible. This is reflected in their art and literature as well as their loving nature. They compensate for the lack of admirable physique by their firm but pleasant nature. The ambience of Mewar remains lovely thanks to the cheerful and liberal character of its people.
 
4. One may observe astonishing pieces of workmanship not only in the forts and palaces of Mewar but also in public utility buildings. Ruins of many structures which are still standing tall in their grandeur are testimony to the fact that Mewar was not only the land of the brave but also a seat of art and culture. Amidst aggression and bloodshed, literature and art flourished and creative pursuits of literature and artists did not suffer. Imagine, how glorious the period must have been when the Vijaya Stambha which is the sample of our great ancient architecture even today, was constructed. In the same fort, Kirti Stambha is standing high, reflecting how liberal the then administration was which allowed people from other communities and kingdoms to come and carry out construction work. It is useless to indulge in the debate whether the Vijaya Stambha was constructed first or the Kirti Stambha. The fact is that both the capitals are standing side by side and reveal the proximity between the king and the subjects of Mewar.
 
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(a) Maharana Pratap became immortal because :
(i) he ruled Mewar for 25 years.
(ii) he added a lot of grandeur to Mewar.
(iii) of his valour, sacrifice and patriotism.
(iv) both (ii) and (iii)

(b) Difficulties in the way of Mewar were :
(i) lack of cooperation of the nobility.
(ii) ancient traditions of the kingdom.
(iii) its small area and small population.
(iv) the poverty of the subjects.
 
(c) During thorny occasions :
(i) the flag of Mewar seemed to be lowered.
(ii) the flag of Mewar was hoisted high.
(iii) the people of Mewar showed gallantry.
(iv) most of the rulers heaved a sigh of relief.

(d) Mewar was lucky because :
(i) all of its rulers were competent.
(ii) most of its people were competent.
(iii) most of its rulers were competent.
(iv) only a few of its people were incompetent.
 
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(e) Who is the earliest king of Mewar mentioned in the passage?
(f) What was Rana Kumbha's contribution to the glory of Mewar?
(g) What does the writer find worth admiration in the people of Mewar?
(h) How could art and literature flourish in Mewar?
(i) How did the rulers show that they cared for their subjects?
(j) What does the erection of Vijaya Stambha and Kirti Stambha in the same fort signify?
(k) Find words from the passage which mean the same as each of the following:
(i) surprising (para 4)
(ii) evidence (para 4)

Answer any four of the following in 30-40 words each:

(a) Why was the peddler amused at the idea of the world being a rattrap?
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(d) What does Stephen Spender want to be done for the children of the school in a slum?
(e) How did the ten-day-old baby (the future Tiger King) react to the prediction about his future made by the astrologers?
(f) Why was Dr. Sadao not sent abroad along with the troops?


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(ii) The teaching of Principal Bhave’s experiment was ________.
(iii) Mashelkar considers his mother as the greatest Guru because ________.
(iv) The paper started burning because ________.
 
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A4 Modal Auxiliary
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•   ____________________
•   ____________________

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(i) up to date
(ii) once a while 

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State whether the following statement is True or False. Correct the false statement by finding evidence from the poem to support your remark.

The poem has an underlying message about the importance of trees.


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Answer the given question in your own words.

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Little things

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Make the mighty ages
Of ______,

Little deeds of kindness,
Little words of ______
Make this earth an Eden,
Like the heaven a ______

What important message does the above poem convey?


Pick out a word from the poem to complete the sentence meaningfully.

She ______ (bargained) with the hawker to reduce the price.


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The rich young man


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Talk to your parents and family members and write what you could do when you were a day old.


The merchant ships brought spices and other treasures from India and other countries to Italy.


Talk about your favourite season. (A one-minute activity.)


Think and answer:

Why are the sights said to ‘fly’?


Write the meaning of doth.


Answer in your own words.

How many chores did the ancestor from 1800 have to do?


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Golden Glow

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The curved sparkling river, it's gold _________________.
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  1. ____________________________
  2. ____________________________
  3. ____________________________
  4. ____________________________
  5. ____________________________

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Find two examples of the following from the lesson.

A Statement 


Find a picture of a computer with the help of your teacher and label the different parts you see.

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Miranda was brought to the island ____________ years ago.


Use this passage to play the game. You can collect information on other famous personalities and play too.

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Read the story again and write how these character reacted in these situation:

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Zigzag………………………..


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Name Nicholas Scotti
Occupation  
Reason for his trip  
Means of transport  
Destination  

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You may stay if you answer my riddle.


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Who made the tree become a monster?


Savings is done after fulfilling the______.


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“Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!”


Name the animal and sound it makes.


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The poet tells the child to be afraid when it is dark.


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