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Question
Go to your college library or surf the internet for names of various mountaineers who have successfully climbed Mt. Everest. Write in your notebook about their struggles, the interesting anecdotes they have shared, their failures, and the message that we get from their lives. Submit them to your teacher.
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Solution
- Reinhold Messner: The renowned Italian climber Reinhold Messner shocked everyone with a move exactly 42 years ago. He was the first person ever to ascend Everest alone and without a tank of oxygen. Even though the ascent occurred during monsoon season, the extreme did not weaken. He was so exhausted that he didn't even experience a moment of solemnity when he climbed Mount Everest on August 20, 1980, alone.
- Mark Inglis: New Zealander Mark Inglis became the first person to ascend Mount Everest while both his legs were amputated. Even though he had both of his legs amputated in 1982 after they became frozen during an expedition to Mount Cook, this did not change his determination to climb Mount Everest. Inglis took 40 days to reach the summit. Inglis encountered many challenging obstacles on the ascent to the summit. He had to fix one of his prosthetic legs after it broke at a height of 6400 meters. From one side of the mountain, Mark ascended Everest, then descended from the other.
- Junko Tabei: The first female to ascend Mount Everest was Junko Tabei. Junko had a daughter who was three years old when she traveled to Nepal in 1975 with the bold intention of climbing Mount Everest. When Junko ascended Mount Everest on May 16, 1975, she became famous throughout the world. With her ascent to the summit, Junko inaugurated a new era for women's mountaineering. Tabei gave piano lessons to assist in generating the required funds. Tabei made a lot of her own equipment out of scratch in order to save money, making waterproof gloves from her car's cover and making pants from old curtains. There were fortunately no casualties. Tabei was forced to spend two days recovering after the incident, which left her bruised and hurt. She could hardly move. She resumed the expedition, however, and continued leading her team up the mountain as soon as she was able.
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Read the following extract and complete the note with the help of the clues provided :
Vitamins are either fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) or water-soluble (B vitamins, including niacin, folic acid and riboflavin, and vitamin C). They consist mainly of the elements nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and hydrogen. Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in bod)' fat, while water-soluble vita1nins are used or quickly excreted in the urine.
Vitamin A is essential for the eyes, skin, hair, and bones; the B vitamins help enzymes to function; C is essential for the formation of collagen; D helps the body absorb calcium; E prevents cell damage, and K helps blood clotting. Most vitamins cannot be produced by the body and so must be obtained directly from food.
VITAMINS
| Vitamins are obtained from | |
| B Vitamins | Fat-soluble |
| Vitamins consist of | 1. 2. Oxygen 3. 4. Hydrogen |
| Vitamin A B C D E K |
Essential for eyes, skin, etc. Formation of collagen Prevents cell damage |
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Long before man-made use of camouflaging, insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators. By having body colour close to those of the rocks and dried leaves, they can escape from being pursued by the predators.
Butterflies and moths have developed a variety of camouflage strategies since they are quite defenceless and their predators are abundant. Possessing wings which resemble dried leaves help certain butterflies and moths to hide among heaps of dried leaves when predators are around.
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The beefy, not only appears like the bumblebee in terms of body colour, even its hums sound similar too. The only difference is that the beefy does not have a stirring and is hence harmless. The hoverfly is another insect which imitates. the body colours of the wasps. Their bodies are striped yellow and black. The only deviations are that hoverflies do not have stings, and they have only one pair of wings each while wasps have two pairs each. These variations are hardly noticed by the predators and hence help them to escape.
A1. Complete the table with the information from the passage : (2)
| Insects | Similarity | Difference |
| Bumblebee - Beefy | ||
| Wasp - Hoverfly |
A2. Complete the tree diagram : (2)
A3. Find out : (2)
‘Nature has given a self-protection mechanism to insects’.
Find out at least two examples from the passage to prove this statement.
A4. Vocabulary - (2)
Find the words from the passage for :
(i) animal or bird that hunts other for food
(ii) to get free from danger
(iii) to prevent something from harming
(iv) to make a copy
A5. Personal response - (2)
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Give two more examples when the disguising technique is used by humans.
A6. Grammar - (2)
Rewrite the following sentences in the ways instructed :
(i) They have only one pair of wings.
(Make it negative without changing the meaning)
(ii) Insects have already adopted the tactic of disguise to escape from the clutches of their predators.
(Replace infinitive with gerund and rewrite)
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