Topics
Laws of Motion
- Force and Motion
- Distance and Displacement
- Speed and Velocity
- Effect of Speed and Direction on Velocity
- Uniform and Non-uniform Motion
- Acceleration and Retardation
- Types of Acceleration
- Graphical Representation of Motion
- Displacement - Time Graph Or Distance - Time Graph
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Velocity - Time Relation by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Displacement - Time Relation by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Displacement - Velocity Relation by Graphical Method
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
Work and Energy
Current Electricity
- Electricity
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Free Electrons
- Electric Current
- Ohm's Law
- Resistance and Resistivity of a Conductor
- Electric Circuit
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Electrical Conduction in Solids
- Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
- Resistance of a System of Resistors
- Resistors in Series
- Resistors in Parallel
- Domestic Electrical Connections
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
Measurement of Matter
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Law of Conservation of Matter (Law of Conservation of Mass)
- Law of Constant Proportions (Law of Definite Proportions)
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atomic Mass
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Molecules of Elements and Compounds
- Molecular Mass
- Mole Concept
- Avogadro's Number
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Variable Valency
- Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
- Chemical Formulae of Compounds
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Concept of Acid, Base, and Salt
- Ionic Compounds
- Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
- Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
- Basicity and Acidity
- Ph of Solution
- Indicators
- Neutralization Reaction
- Reactions of Acids
- Reactions of Bases
- Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Water of Crystallization
- Electrolysis
- Electrolysis of Water
Classification of Plants
- Classification of Living Organisms
- Classification of Kingdom Plantae
- Basis for Classification of Plants
- Cryptogams
- Cryptogams > Division I- Thallophyta
- Cryptogams > Division II- Bryophytes
- Cryptogams > Division III- Pteridophytes
- Phanerogams
- Phanerogams > Division I-Gymnosperms
- Phanerogams > Division II- Angiosperms
Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Useful and Harmful Microbes
Environmental Management
- Weather and Climate
- Importance of Weather in the Living World
- Meteorology
- India Meteorological Department
- Solid Waste Management
- Waste and Its Categories
- Waste
- Harmful effects of solid waste
- Necessity of Solid Waste Management
- 7 Principles of Solid Waste Management
- Period Required for Degradation of Waste
- Disaster Management
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- Methods of Transporting Victims/Patients Safely
Information Communication Technology
- What is Information and Communication Technology ?
- Introduction to Computer
- Parts of Computer and Its Functions
- Architecture of Computer
- Computer Hardware and Software
- Microsoft Word
- Microsoft Excel
- Microsoft Powerpoint
- Applications of Technology in Science
- Opportunities in the field of computers
Reflection of Light
- Introduction to Light
- Mirrors
- Plane Mirror
- Spherical Mirrors
- Spherical Mirror > Concave Mirror
- Spherical Mirror > Convex Mirror
- Fundamental Terms Related to Spherical Mirrors
- Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Divergence and Convergence of Light
- Sign Convention
- Mirror Equation/Formula
- Linear Magnification by Spherical Mirrors
Study of Sound
Carbon : An Important Element
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Straight chains, Branched chains, and Rings of Carbon atoms
- Allotropes of Carbon > Diamond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Diamond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Graphite
- Allotropes of Carbon > Fullerene
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coal
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Charcoal
- Hydrocarbons
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coke
- Solubility of Carbon
- Reaction of Carbon
- Carbon Dioxide
- Fire Extinguisher
- Methane
- Biogas Plant
Substances in Common Use
- Important Salts in Daily Life
- Properties and Uses of Sodium Chloride
- Preparation and Uses of Baking Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Bleaching Powder
- Preparation and Uses of Washing Soda
- Some Crystalline Salts
- Soap
- Radioactivity
- Nature of Radioactive Radiation
- Characteristics of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays
- Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
- Harmful Effects of Radiation
- Chemical Substances in Day to Day Life
- Food Colours and Essences
- Dye
- Artificial Colours
- Deodorant
- Teflon
- Powder Coating
- Anodizing
- Ceramic
Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Plants
- Transportation of Water
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances
- Excretion
- Excretion in Plants
- Human Excretory System
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Control and Co-ordination
- Control and Co-ordination in Plants
- Control and Co-ordination in Human Being
- Nervous Control
- Human Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System > Somatic Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System > Autonomic Nervous System
- Chemical Control
- Endocrine Glands: Location and Important Functions
Heredity and Variation
- Heredity
- Inherited Traits and Expression of Traits
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Types of Chromosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Monohybrid Cross
- Dihybrid Cross
- Human Genetic Disorders
- Diseases Occuring Due to Mutation in Single Gene (Monogenic Disorders)
- Mitochondrial Disorder
- Disorders Due to Mutations in Multiple Genes : (Polygenic Disorders)
Introduction to Biotechnology
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Biotechnology
- Tissue Culture
- Changes in Agricultural Management Due to Biotechnology
- Application of Biotechnology in Floriculture, Nurseries and Forestry
- Agritourism
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Poultry Farm Management
- Sericulture
Observing Space : Telescopes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 9
Harmful Effects of Solid Waste:
- Effect on Biodiversity: Solid waste disrupts ecosystems and habitats, leading to a decline in plant and animal species.
- Bad Odour of Waste: Decomposing waste produces an unpleasant smell, which affects living conditions and air quality.
- Production of Toxic Gases: Waste releases harmful gases like methane, carbon dioxide, and other toxic fumes, causing air pollution and health risks.
- Degradation of Natural Beauty: Accumulated waste spoils the aesthetic appeal of natural landscapes and urban areas.
- Air Pollution: Burning or improper disposal of waste releases pollutants into the air, harming human health and the environment.
- Water Pollution: Waste dumped in water bodies contaminates water resources, affecting marine life and making water unsafe for consumption.
- Soil Pollution: Hazardous substances from solid waste seep into the soil, reducing its fertility and harming plant growth.
- Spreading of Diseases: Solid waste attracts pests and rodents, spreading diseases like cholera, malaria, and respiratory infections.
