Topics
Laws of Motion
- Force and Motion
- Distance and Displacement
- Speed and Velocity
- Effect of Speed and Direction on Velocity
- Uniform and Non-uniform Motion
- Acceleration and Retardation
- Types of Acceleration
- Graphical Representation of Motion
- Displacement - Time Graph Or Distance - Time Graph
- Velocity - Time Graphs
- Equations of Motion by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Velocity - Time Relation by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Displacement - Time Relation by Graphical Method
- Derivation of Displacement - Velocity Relation by Graphical Method
- Uniform Circular Motion (UCM)
- Newton’s Laws of Motion
- Newton's First Law of Motion
- Newton’s Second Law of Motion
- Newton's Third Law of Motion
- Conservation of Linear Momentum and Its Principle
Work and Energy
Current Electricity
- Electricity
- Potential and Potential Difference
- Free Electrons
- Electric Current
- Ohm's Law
- Resistance and Resistivity of a Conductor
- Electric Circuit
- Symbols and Functions of Various Components of an Electric Circuits
- Electrical Conduction in Solids
- Experimental Verification of Ohm’s Law
- Resistance of a System of Resistors
- Resistors in Series
- Resistors in Parallel
- Domestic Electrical Connections
- Precautions to Be Taken While Using Electricity
Measurement of Matter
- Laws of Chemical Combination
- Law of Conservation of Matter (Law of Conservation of Mass)
- Law of Constant Proportions (Law of Definite Proportions)
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Atomic Mass
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Molecules of Elements and Compounds
- Molecular Mass
- Mole Concept
- Avogadro's Number
- Periodic Trends in the Modern Periodic Table
- Variable Valency
- Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
- Chemical Formulae of Compounds
Acids, Bases and Salts
- Concept of Acid, Base, and Salt
- Ionic Compounds
- Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
- Arrhenius Theory of Acids and Bases
- Basicity and Acidity
- Ph of Solution
- Indicators
- Neutralization Reaction
- Reactions of Acids
- Reactions of Bases
- Salts
- Classification of Salts
- Water of Crystallization
- Electrolysis
- Electrolysis of Water
Classification of Plants
- Classification of Living Organisms
- Classification of Kingdom Plantae
- Basis for Classification of Plants
- Cryptogams
- Cryptogams > Division I- Thallophyta
- Cryptogams > Division II- Bryophytes
- Cryptogams > Division III- Pteridophytes
- Phanerogams
- Phanerogams > Division I-Gymnosperms
- Phanerogams > Division II- Angiosperms
Energy Flow in an Ecosystem
Useful and Harmful Microbes
Environmental Management
- Weather and Climate
- Importance of Weather in the Living World
- Meteorology
- India Meteorological Department
- Solid Waste Management
- Waste and Its Categories
- Waste
- Harmful effects of solid waste
- Necessity of Solid Waste Management
- 7 Principles of Solid Waste Management
- Period Required for Degradation of Waste
- Disaster Management
- First Aid and Emergency Action
- Methods of Transporting Victims/Patients Safely
Information Communication Technology
- What is Information and Communication Technology ?
- Introduction to Computer
- Parts of Computer and Its Functions
- Architecture of Computer
- Computer Hardware and Software
- Microsoft Word
- Microsoft Excel
- Microsoft Powerpoint
- Applications of Technology in Science
- Opportunities in the field of computers
Reflection of Light
- Introduction to Light
- Mirrors
- Plane Mirror
- Spherical Mirrors
- Spherical Mirror > Concave Mirror
- Spherical Mirror > Convex Mirror
- Fundamental Terms Related to Spherical Mirrors
- Rules for Drawing Ray Diagrams
- Image Formation by Concave Mirror
- Image Formation by Convex Mirror
- Divergence and Convergence of Light
- Sign Convention
- Mirror Equation/Formula
- Linear Magnification by Spherical Mirrors
Study of Sound
Carbon : An Important Element
- Carbon: A Versatile Element
- Straight chains, Branched chains, and Rings of Carbon atoms
- Allotropes of Carbon > Diamond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Diamond
- Allotropes of Carbon > Graphite
- Allotropes of Carbon > Fullerene
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coal
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Charcoal
- Hydrocarbons
- Non-crystalline/Amorphous Forms: Coke
- Solubility of Carbon
- Reaction of Carbon
- Carbon Dioxide
- Fire Extinguisher
- Methane
- Biogas Plant
Substances in Common Use
- Important Salts in Daily Life
- Properties and Uses of Sodium Chloride
- Preparation and Uses of Baking Soda
- Preparation and Uses of Bleaching Powder
- Preparation and Uses of Washing Soda
- Some Crystalline Salts
- Soap
- Radioactivity
- Nature of Radioactive Radiation
- Characteristics of Alpha, Beta and Gamma Rays
- Uses of Radioactive Isotopes
- Harmful Effects of Radiation
- Chemical Substances in Day to Day Life
- Food Colours and Essences
- Dye
- Artificial Colours
- Deodorant
- Teflon
- Powder Coating
- Anodizing
- Ceramic
Life Processes in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Living Organisms
- Transportation in Plants
- Transportation of Water
- Transportation of Food and Other Substances
- Excretion
- Excretion in Plants
- Human Excretory System
- Dialysis and Artificial Kidney
- Control and Co-ordination
- Control and Co-ordination in Plants
- Control and Co-ordination in Human Being
- Nervous Control
- Human Nervous System
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Peripheral Nervous System > Somatic Nervous System
- Peripheral Nervous System > Autonomic Nervous System
- Chemical Control
- Endocrine Glands: Location and Important Functions
Heredity and Variation
- Heredity
- Inherited Traits and Expression of Traits
- Chromosomes - The Carriers of Heredity
- Types of Chromosomes
- Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)
- Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
- Gregor Johann Mendel – Father of Genetics
- Monohybrid Cross
- Dihybrid Cross
- Human Genetic Disorders
- Diseases Occuring Due to Mutation in Single Gene (Monogenic Disorders)
- Mitochondrial Disorder
- Disorders Due to Mutations in Multiple Genes : (Polygenic Disorders)
Introduction to Biotechnology
- Tissues - “The Teams of Workers”
- Animal Tissues
- Epithelial Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Plant Tissues
- Meristems or Meristematic Tissues
- Permanent Tissue
- Simple Permanent Tissues (Supporting Tissue)
- Complex Permanent Tissues
- Biotechnology
- Tissue Culture
- Changes in Agricultural Management Due to Biotechnology
- Application of Biotechnology in Floriculture, Nurseries and Forestry
- Agritourism
- Animal Husbandry (Livestock)
- Poultry Farm Management
- Sericulture
Observing Space : Telescopes
Maharashtra State Board: Class 9
7 Principles of Solid Waste Management
- Reuse: Materials should be reused after their initial use for other practical purposes. For example, glass jars, containers, and cloth bags can be repurposed instead of being thrown away.
- Refuse: Avoid using articles made of non-degradable materials like plastic and thermocol. By refusing such items, we can reduce their production and prevent environmental harm. For example, opt for cloth or paper bags instead of plastic bags.
- Recycle: Recycling involves processing waste materials to create useful products. For example, old paper can be recycled into new paper products, and broken glass can be melted and reshaped into new glass items.
- Rethink: Rethink our daily habits and activities to reduce waste and adopt sustainable alternatives. This includes questioning the need for certain items and evaluating their long-term impact on the environment. For example, choose reusable water bottles instead of single-use plastic bottles.
- Reduce: Limit the use of resources to prevent wastage. Old materials should be reused whenever possible, and objects that encourage waste (e.g., use-and-throw products) should be avoided. Sharing resources, like tools or appliances, also helps minimise unnecessary production.
- Research: Conducting research to find innovative ways to reuse materials that are temporarily out of use. Developing technologies or methods to convert waste into useful resources. For example, researching the potential of turning waste plastics into fuel or construction materials.
- Regulation and Public Awareness: Adhering to laws and guidelines related to waste management ensures proper waste disposal and reduces pollution. Raising public awareness encourages individuals to participate in waste reduction and recycling efforts. For example, organising awareness programs to educate people about the segregation of waste and eco-friendly practices.
