Topics
Integers
- Natural Numbers
- Whole Numbers
- Negative and Positive Numbers
- Integers
- Representation of Integers on the Number Line
- Ordering of Integers
- Addition of Integers
- Subtraction of Integers
- Properties of Addition and Subtraction of Integers
- Multiplication of a Positive and a Negative Integers
- Multiplication of Two Negative Integers
- Product of Three Or More Negative Integers
- Closure Property of Multiplication of Integers
- Commutative Property of Multiplication of Integers
- Multiplication of Integers with Zero
- Multiplicative Identity of Integers
- Associative Property of Multiplication of Integers
- Distributive Property of Multiplication of Integers
- Making Multiplication Easier of Integers
- Division of Integers
- Properties of Division of Integers
Fractions and Decimals
- Concept of Fraction
- Types of Fractions
- Concept of Proper and Improper Fractions
- Concept of Mixed Fractions
- Concept of Equivalent Fractions
- Like and Unlike Fraction
- Comparing Fractions
- Addition of Fraction
- Subtraction of Fraction
- Multiplication of a Fraction by a Whole Number
- Using Operator 'Of' with Multiplication and Division
- Multiplication of Fraction
- Division of Fractions
- Concept of Reciprocals or Multiplicative Inverses
- Problems Based on Fraction
- The Decimal Number System
- Comparing Decimal Numbers
- Addition of Decimal Fraction
- Subtraction of Decimal Numbers
- Multiplication of Decimal Numbers
- Division of Decimal Numbers
- Problems Based on Decimal Numbers
Data Handling
Simple Equations
Lines and Angles
The Triangle and Its Properties
- Basic Concepts of Triangles
- Classification of Triangles based on Sides
- Classification of Triangles based on Angles
- Median of a Triangle
- Altitudes of a Triangle
- Exterior Angle of a Triangle and Its Property
- Some Special Types of Triangles - Equilateral and Isosceles Triangles
- Basic Properties of a Triangle
- Right-angled Triangles and Pythagoras Property
Comparing Quantities
- Ratio
- Concept of Equivalent Ratios
- Proportion
- Unitary Method
- Basic Concept of Percentage
- Estimation in Percentages
- Interpreting Percentages
- Conversion between Percentage and Fraction or Decimal
- Ratios to Percents
- Increase Or Decrease as Percent
- Basic Concepts of Profit and Loss
- Profit or Loss as a Percentage
- Calculation of Interest
Congruence of Triangles
- Similarity and Congruency of Figures
- Congruence Among Line Segments
- Congruence of Angles
- Congruence of Triangles
- Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
- Criteria for Similarity of Triangles
- SAS Congruence Criterion
- ASA Congruence Criterion
- RHS Congruence Criterion
- Exceptional Criteria for Congruence of Triangles
Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers
- Equivalent Rational Number
- Positive and Negative Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers on a Number Line
- Rational Numbers in Standard Form
- Comparison of Rational Numbers
- Rational Numbers Between Two Rational Numbers
- Addition of Rational Number
- Subtraction of Rational Number
- Multiplication of Rational Numbers
- Division of Rational Numbers
Perimeter and Area
- Basic Concepts in Mensuration
- Concept of Perimeter
- Perimeter of a Rectangle
- Perimeter of Squares
- Perimeter of Triangle
- Perimeter of Polygon
- Concept of Area
- Area of Square
- Area of Rectangle
- Triangles as Parts of Rectangles and Square
- Generalising for Other Congruent Parts of Rectangles
- Area of a Parallelogram
- Area of a Triangle
- Circumference of a Circle
- Area of Circle
- Conversion of Units
- Problems based on Perimeter
- Problems based on Area
Practical Geometry
- Construction of a Line Parallel to a Given Line, Through a Point Not on the Line
- Construction of Triangles
- Constructing a Triangle When the Length of Its Three Sides Are Known (SSS Criterion)
- Constructing a Triangle When the Lengths of Two Sides and the Measure of the Angle Between Them Are Known. (SAS Criterion)
- Constructing a Triangle When the Measures of Two of Its Angles and the Length of the Side Included Between Them is Given. (ASA Criterion)
- Constructing a Right-angled Triangle When the Length of One Leg and Its Hypotenuse Are Given (RHS Criterion)
Algebraic Expressions
Exponents and Powers
- Concept of Exponents
- Multiplying Powers with the Same Base
- Dividing Powers with the Same Base
- Taking Power of a Power
- Multiplying Powers with Different Base and Same Exponents
- Dividing Powers with Different Base and Same Exponents
- Numbers with Exponent Zero, One, Negative Exponents
- Miscellaneous Examples Using the Laws of Exponents
- Decimal Number System Using Exponents and Powers
- Crores
Symmetry
Visualizing Solid Shapes
Definition
Transposing: Transposing means moving to the other side. When you transpose a number from one side of the equation to the other side, you change its sign.
Notes
Methods of Solving an Equation:
Method 1:
- We carry out a series of identical mathematical operations such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing on the two sides of the equation in such a way that on one of the sides we get just the variable.
- The last step is the solution of the equation.
- We carry out a series of identical mathematical operations such as adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing on the two sides of the equation in such a way that on one of the sides we get just the variable.
- The last step is the solution of the equation.
Example,
`x/5 + 7 = - 3`
`x/5 + 7 – 7 = - 3 – 7`
`x/5 = - 10`
`x/5(5) = - 10(5)`
x = 50.
Method 2:
- Transposing means moving to the other side. Transposition of a number has the same effect as adding the same number to (or subtracting the same number from) both sides of the equation.
- When you transpose a number from one side of the equation to the other side, you change its sign.
- We can carry out the transposition of an expression in the same way as the transposition of a number.
For example,
5x + 12 = 27
Transposing + 12.........(On transposing + 12 becomes – 12)
5x = 27 – 12
5x = 15
x = 3.
Example
Solve: 4(m + 3) = 18
Let us divide both sides by 4.
m + 3 = `18/4`
m + 3 = `9/2`
m = `9/2 – 3`..............(transposing 3 to RHS)
m = `3/2`.
Example
Solve: – 2(x + 3) = 8.
– 2(x + 3) = 8
We divide both sides by (– 2), so as to remove the brackets in the LHS, we get,
x + 3 = `8/(- 2)`
x + 3 = – 4
x = – 4 – 3...........(transposing 3 to RHS)
x = – 7..................(required solution)
Shaalaa.com | Problems on Solving Equations
to track your progress
Series: Method of Solving an Equation
0%
