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Factor Theorem

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CISCE: Class 10

Definition: Factors of Polynomial

A polynomial g(x) is called a factor of the polynomial f(x) if g(x) divides f(x) exactly, giving 0 as the remainder.

CISCE: Class 10

Key Points: Factor Theorem

Statement

If a polynomial f(x) is divided by (x − a) and the remainder is zero, then (x − a) is a factor of f(x).

Result

(x − a) is a factor of f(x)  ⟺  f(a) = 0

To check whether (x − a) is a factor → find f(a)

  • If f(a) = 0 → factor

  • If f(a) ≠ 0 → not a factor

Important Forms

  • (x − a) is a factor ⇔ f(a) = 0
  • (x + a) is a factor ⇔ f(−a) = 0

  • (ax + b) is a factor ⇔ \[f(-\frac{b}{a})\] = 0
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