Lakhmir Singh solutions for Chemistry [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 3 - Acids, Bases and Salts [null edition]

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Acids ionise to give hydronium ions in the solution.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Hydrogen sulphites react with acids to give salt, carbon dioxide and water.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Ethanol water solution does not change the colour of blue litmus.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Acetic acid ionises completely in aqueous solution.

The strength of an acid depends on the amount of ______ ions furnished in aqueous solution.

The sour taste of lemon is due to the presence of ______ acid.

Sulphite + Acid → Salt + ______ + Water

SO₃ + H₂O → ______

When a sulphite reacts with an acid, the gas evolved is ______.

Identify the dibasic acid.

Which of the following acids is an organic acid?

Which of the following acids, is not significantly corrosive and is used in fizzy drinks?

How is an acid chemically defined? Explain with an example.

What are organic acids? Given examples.

What are inorganic acids? Give examples.

Which gas is liberated when an acid reacts with a sodium hydrogen sulphite?

What is a dibasic acid? Give an example.

Why acids are good conductors of electricity.

How would you prepare sulphuric acid from a non-metal? Give the reaction involved.

What happens when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate? Explain with the help of an example. Write chemical equation of the reaction involved.

What do you observe when barium chloride solution is added to dilute sulphuric acid?

State whether the following statement is True or False.

A base gives salt and water as by products on reacting with acids.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Copper hydroxide dissolves in water and thus is an alkali.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Strong bases have high concentrations of hydroxide ions.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Non-metallic oxide with carbon dioxide gives salt and water only.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Bases are good conductors of electricity.

When a base is dissolved in water, it gives ______ ions as the only negatively charged ions.

When sodium hydroxide reacts with ammonium chloride ______ gas is evolved.

\[\ce{Metal nitrate ->[\Delta] Basic oxide +}\] ______ \[\ce{+ Oxygen}\]

Which of the following metal oxides is not a base?

Sodium hydroxide absorbs carbon dioxide to form ______.

Metal carbonate decomposes on heating to evolve ______.

What is the colour change observed when a litmus paper is put in a basic solution?

What is the difference between an alkali and a base?

Which base is used as an antacid?

Differentiate between a strong base and a weak base.

How is a base prepared by double decomposition? Explain, giving an example.

What happens when a non-metallic oxide is added to a base? Give the chemical equation involved.

What happens when aqueous zinc sulphate is added to sodium hydroxide? Give the chemical equation of the reaction involved.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

An aqueous solution of base only contains hydroxide ions in the solution.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

A solution of pH = 8 is a basic solution.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

The pink colour of the universal indicator implies the substance is a base.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Quick lime is added to a basic soil.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

A solution of pH 12 is more basic than a solution of pH 11.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

The colour of phenolphthalein changes from colourless to pink in an acidic medium.

Tooth decay starts when the pH of the mouth falls below ______.

The higher the value of pH, the stronger is the ______.

The colour of water when universal indicator is added to it is ______.

An acid gives a red colour on adding universal indicator. This shows that it is a ______ acid.

A solution on adding phenolphthalein turns pink; its pH value is ______.

Which of the following will have pH below 7?

A solution with pH 2 is considered to be a ______.

Which of the following colours is shown by methyl orange in acidic medium?

What is a pH scale?

Why was there a need to develop a pH scale?

What does the pH of a solution signify?

What values of pH are considered to be strong acids?

What is a universal indicator?

How does a universal indicator work?

Explain the statement “The nature of a solution depends on the hydrogen ion concentration of the solution.”

How does the pH change of a water body affect its aquatic life?

Three solutions X, Y and Z have pH values of 1, 6 and 12. Arrange them in increasing order of their strength. Give reason to support your answer.

A solution has a pH value of 6.5. Comment on its nature. What will be its effect if it comes in contact with skin?

A sample of rainwater was collected. On adding universal indicator to it the colour changed to orange. What does it signify?

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Salts are commonly called as common salt.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Sodium acetate is a normal salt.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Acid salts are formed from monobasic acids.

State whether the following statement is True or False.

Sodium hydrogen sulphate is prepared by the neutralisation method.

Na₂SO₄ is formed by ______ replacement of hydrogen atoms by sodium atoms.

Basic salts are formed by partial replacement of the hydroxide group of a ______ base by an acid radical.

______ + 2NaCl → PbCl₂ + 2NaNO₃

Neutralisation of an acid with an insoluble base is also called as ______.

Insoluble salts can be prepared by reaction between ______.

Which of the following is not a mixed salt?

What is a ‘salt’?

Discuss any three different types of salts with at least one example for each.

How are acid salts different from normal salts? Discuss with suitable examples.

Why [Ag(NH₃)₂]Cl gives a negative test for ammonia?

What are basic salts? How are they formed? Give an example.

Give the reaction involved in the formation of a salt by simple displacement. Explain using examples.

As we studied, we can find substances of various acidity and basicity in our surroundings. Collect the samples of the following acidic and basic substances. With the help of the Universal indicator, estimate the pH value of each of the substances.

1. Orange juice
2. Lemon juice
3. Cold drink
4. Toothpaste
5. Soap solution
6. Tap water
7. Table vinegar
8. Baking powder
9. Table salt solution
10. Lime water

True or False.

When a base reacts with an acid, hydrogen gas is evolved.

True or False.

Acids ionise in aqueous solution to give hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions.

True or False.

A concentrated acid is also a strong acid.

True or False.

Dilution of concentrated acid is always done by adding water to the acid.

True or False.

Organic acids are weak acids.

True or False.

Calcium hydroxide is a weak base.

True or False.

When metal carbonate is heated, it gives carbon dioxide and water as by-products.

True or False.

Iron sulphate with NaOH gives a dirty white precipitate.

Metal carbonate + Acid → Salt + ______ + Water

H₃PO₄ is ______ acid.

Chemically, bases are defined as ______ and ______ of metal or metal like radicals.

Phenolphthalein gives ______ colour in a basic medium.

Pb(NO₃)₂ + Na₂CO₃ → ______ + ______

Sodium carbonate is prepared by passing ______ gas into a cold solution of sodium ______.

[Cu(NH₃)₄]SO₄ when dissolved in water give ______ and ______ ions.

Which of the following acids is not an organic acid?

Which of the following is not an alkali?

Which of the following is not a double salt?

Zinc sulphate on reaction with sodium carbonate gives the precipitate of ______.

Copper sulphate when dissolved in alkali gives a pale precipitate of ______.

Calcium carbonate is prepared in laboratories by ______.

When metals are dissolved in water the gas evolved is ______.

Carbon dioxide with water gives ______.

An acid with high degree of ionisation (more than 30%) is a ______.

Sodium hydroxide is a ______.

Which of the following properties is not shown by acids?

Choose the correct answer:

Select the acid which contains four hydrozen atoms in it.

Carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide gas can be distinguished by using ______.

A salt formed by incomplete neutralisation of an acid by a base.

Which of the following is a tribasic acid?

The products formed when an acid reacts with a base are ______.

If the pH of a solution is ‘2’, then the solution is a ______.

The acidity of aluminium hydroxide is ______.

The gas formed when calcium hydrogen sulphite reacts with dilute HNO₃:

The metallic oxide, which when reacted with HCl, forms salts and water.

What is the degree of ionisation of an acid?

Explain how the strength of an acid depends on its degree of ionisation.

Differentiate between dibasic and tribasic acids.

What do you understand by the basicity of an acid?

What are the ions obtained when a basic metallic hydroxide is dissolved in water?

Define a base? Explain using an example.

Explain the preparation of acids by displacement of more volatile acids. Explain using chemical equations.

What happens when zinc metal is added to an acid? Give the chemical equation involved.

What happens when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydrogen carbonate? Give the chemical equation of the reaction involved.

What happens when potassium nitrate is heated with concentrated H₂SO₄ below 200°C? Explain using chemical equations.

Give any three methods for preparation of bases.

What happens when bases react with ammonium salt? Explain using chemical equations.

Which gas is liberated when a dilute acid reacts with a metal carbonate? How will you test for the presence of this gas?

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:

Carbon and carbon dioxide

Write a balanced chemical equation for the following reaction:

Iron(III) oxide and carbon monoxide

Mention the colour changes observed when the following indicator is added to acid: Alkaline phenolphthalein solution.

Mention the colour changes observed when the following indicator is added to acid: Methyl orange solution.

Mention the colour changes observed when the following indicator is added to acid: Neutral litmus solution.

Solution A is a sodium hydroxide solution. Solution B is a weak acid. Solution C is dilute sulphuric acid. Which solution will.
(i) Liberate sulphur dioxide from sodium sulphite
(ii) Give a white precipitate with zinc sulphate solution,(iii) Contain solute molecules and ions?

Draw the structure of the stable positive ion formed when an acid dissolves in water.

Name the other ion formed when ammonia dissolves in water. Give one test that can be used to detect the presence of the ion produced.

Identify the anion present of the following compound:
A salt M on treatment with concentrated sulphuric acid produces a gas which fumes in moist air and gives dense fumes with ammonia.

Identify the anion present of the following compound:
A salt D on treatment with dilute sulphuric acid produces a gas which turns lime water milky but has no effect on acidified potassium dichromate solution

Identify the anion present of the following compound:
When barium chloride solution is added to salt solution E a white precipitate insoluble in dilute hydrochloric acid is obtained

State what would you observe when :
Washing soda crystals are exposed to the atmosphere.

State what would you observe when :
The salt ferric chloride is exposed to the atmosphere.

Three solutions P, Q and R have pH value of 3.5, 5.2 and 12.2 respectively. Which one of these is a:

1. Weak acid?
2. Strong alkali?

The pH values of three solutions A, B and C are given in the table. Answer the following questions:

1. Which solution will have no effect on litmus solution?
2. Which solution will liberate CO₂ when reacted with sodium carbonate?
3. Which solution will turn red litmus solution blue?

pH of acetic acid is greater than dilute sulphuric acid. So, acetic acid contains ______ concentration of H⁺ ions.

The acid which cannot act as an oxidising agent is ______.

Differentiate between the following:

Strong and weak acids

Differentiate between the following:

Concentrated and dilute acids

Give a reason:

HCl is a strong acid and acetic acid is a weak acid.

Give a reason:

All hydrogen containing compounds are not classified as acids.

Give a reason:

It is the acid that is added to water while diluting it.

Give a reason:

Toothpaste has a high pH value.

Give a reason:

Calcium carbonate is added to lake water.

Differentiate between the following:

Triacidic base and diacidic base

Differentiate between the following:

Dilute and strong base

Explain using an example how can carbonate salts be prepared.

Explain the process of obtaining crystals of sodium sulphate by titration.

Differentiate between double salt and complex salts.

Solution A is a strong acid.

Solution B is a weak acid.

Solution C is a strong alkali.

1. Which solution contains solute molecules in addition to water molecules?
2. Which solution will give a gelatinous white precipitate with zinc sulphate solution? The precipitate disappears when an excess of the solution is added.
3. Which solution could be a solution of glacial acetic acid?
4. Give an example of a solution which is a weak alkali.

Select from the list given (a to e) one substances in each case which matches the description given in parts (i) to (v). (Note : Each substance is used only one in the answer)
(a) Nitroso Iron (II) Sulphate
(b) Iron (III) chloride
(c) Chromium sulphate
(d) Lead (II) chloride
(e) Sodium chloride
(i) A compound which is deliquescent
(ii) A compound which is insoluble in cold water, but soluble in hot water
(iii) The compound responsible for the brown ring during the brown ring test of nitrate iron
(iv) A compound whose aqueous solution is neutral in nature
(v) The compound which is responsible for the green colouration when sulphur dioxide is passed through acidified potassium dichromate solution

The action of heat of the blue crystalline solid L gives a reddish brown gas M, is which re-light a glowing splint and leave a black residue. When gas N, which has a rotten egg smell, is passed through a solution of L a black precipitate is formed.

1. Identify L, M and N (Name and formula).
2. Write the equation for the action of heat.
3. Write the equation for the reaction between the solution of L and the gas M.

Give the number of the group and the period of elements having three shells with three electrons in valence shell.

By drawing an electron dot diagram, show the lone pair effect leading to the formation of the ammonium ion from ammonia gas and hydrogen ion.

What happen to the crystals of washing soda when exposed to air? Name the phenomenon exhibited.

Give balanced chemical equation to prepare the following salt:
Lead sulphate from lead carbonate

Give balanced chemical equation to prepare the following salt:
Sodium sulphate using dilute sulphuric acid

Give balanced chemical equation to prepare the following salt :
Copper chloride using copper carbonate

From the list of the following salts choose the salt that most appropriately fits the description given in the following:

[AgCl, MgCl₂, NaHSO₄, PbCO₃, ZnCO₃, KNO₃, Ca(NO₃)₂]

1. A deliquescent salt
2. An insoluble chloride.
3. On heating, this salt gives a yellow residue when hot and white when cold.
4. On heating this salt, a brown colored gas is evolved.