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प्रश्न
There is mention of three communities in the story: the Marathas, the Mughals, the Anglo-Indians. Which language do you think they used within their communities and while speaking to the other groups?
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उत्तर
The Muslims were Urdu speaking, the Marathas spoke Marathi, while the Anglo-Indians generally used English to speak with their communities. But while interacting with other groups they must have used the local dialect of Hindustani.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
1. Air pollution is an issue which concerns us all alike. One can willingly choose or reject a food, a drink or a life comfort, but unfortunately there is little choice for the air we breathe. All, what is there in the air is inhaled by one and all living in those surroundings.
2. Air pollutant is defined as a substance which is present while normally it is not there or present in an amount exceeding the normal concentrations. It could either be gaseous or a particulate matter. The important and harmful polluting gases are carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, ozone and oxides of sulphur and nitrogen. The common particulate pollutants are the dusts of various inorganic or organic origins. Although we often talk of the outdoor air pollutions caused by industrial and vehicular exhausts, the indoor pollution may prove to be as or a more important cause of health problems.
3. Recognition of air pollution is relatively recent. It is not uncommon to experience a feeling of 'suffocation' in a closed environment. It is often ascribed to the lack of oxygen. Fortunately, however, the composition of air is remarkably constant all over the world. There is about 79 per cent nitrogen and 21 per cent oxygen in the air − the other gases forming a very small fraction. It is true that carbon dioxide exhaled out of lungs may accumulate in a closed and over-crowded place. But such an increase is usually small and temporary unless the room is really air-tight. Exposure to poisonous gases such as carbon monoxide may occur in a closed room, heated by burning coal inside. This may also prove to be fatal.
4. What is more common in a poorly ventilated home is a vague constellation of symptoms described as the sick-building syndrome. It is characterized by a general feeling of malaise, head-ache, dizziness and irritation of mucous membranes. It may also be accompanied by nausea, itching, aches, pains and depression. Sick building syndrome is getting commoner in big cities with the small houses, which are generally over-furnished. Some of the important pollutants whose indoor concentrations exceed those of the outdoors include gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxides of nitrogen and organic substances like spores, formaldehydes, hydrocarbon aerosols and allergens. The sources are attributed to a variety of construction materials, insulations, furnishings, adhesives, cosmetics, house dusts, fungi and other indoor products.
5. By-products of fuel combustion are important in houses with indoor kitchens. It is not only the brining of dried dung and fuelwood which is responsible, but also kerosene and liquid petroleum gas. Oxides of both nitrogen and sulphur are released from their combustion.
6. Smoking of tobacco in the closed environment is an important source of indoor pollution. It may not be high quantitatively, but significantly hazardous for health. It is because of the fact that there are over 3000 chemical constituents in tobacco smoke, which have been identified. These are harmful for human health.
7. Micro-organisms and allergens are of special significance in the causation and spread of diseases. Most of the infective illnesses may involve more persons of a family living in common indoor environment. These include viral and bacterial diseases like tuberculosis.
8. Besides infections, allergic and hypersensitivity disorders are spreading fast. Although asthma is the most common form of respiratory allergic disorders, pneumonias are not uncommon, but more persistent and serious. These are attributed to exposures to allergens from various fungi, molds, hay and other organic materials. Indoor air ventilation systems, coolers, air-conditioners, dampness, decay, pet animals, production or handling of the causative items are responsible for these hypersensitivity − diseases.
9. Obviously, the spectrum of pollution is very wide and our options are limited. Indoor pollution may be handled relatively easily by an individual. Moreover, the good work must start from one’s own house
(Extracted from the Tribune)
(a) (i) What is an air pollutant? (1)
(ii) In what forms are the air pollutants present? (2)
(iii) Why do we feel suffocated in a closed environment? (1)
(iv) What is sick building syndrome? How is it increasing? (2)
(v) How is indoor smoking very hazardous? (1)
(vi) How can one overcome the dangers of indoor air pollution? (2)
(b) Find the words from the above passage which mean the same as the following: (3)
(i) giddiness (para 4)
(ii) constant (para 8)
(iii) humidity (para 8)
To what end have humans used their superior intelligence ?
A1 Web :
Complete the following web with the help of the passage :
My dictionary tells me that personality is the “Personal or individual quality that makes one person be different and act differently from another.” Personality is, “the total physical, intellectual and emotional structure of an individual, including abilities, interests, and attitudes.”
There are many benefits to having a pleasant personality. There is only one opportunity to make a first impression, and all of us instinctively make decisions or judgments about an individual within the first few seconds of crossing paths. With that in mind, I believe when we teach our kids to smile, to be pleasant and cheerful, to be courteous and respectful of others, to pleasantly respond to requests or questions, we are helping them develop a personality that will open many doors for them. Once the doors are opened, the character will keep them open; but personality, not character, is on display in the first few seconds. Therefore, it’s important to develop a pleasant personality and use it for life.
A2 Personality :
Personality of an individual is recognized by :
(i) _______ (ii) _______
(iii) _______ (iv) _______
A3 Vocabulary :
Find out words for the following from the passage and write:
(i) polite =
(ii) relating to feelings =
(iii) to do anything naturally without thinking =
(iv) a chance to do something =
A4 Complete the following table :
| Noun | Adjective | Adverb |
| – | different | differently |
| Instinct | – | instinctively |
Select any word from the table and use it meaningfully in a sentence of your own.
A5 Personal Response :
Why do you thing, personality development is necessary?
Read the following passage carefully and complete the activities given below:
B.1) Order :
Rearrange the following sentences in proper order:
(i) Hanmant joined engineering.
(ii) Hanmant got his Diploma and secured a job in Philips.
(iii) Hanmant migrated to Pune when he was in class VI.
(iv) Hanmant took up a painting job to earn.
Hanmant Gaikwad was born in Koregaon in Satara district.
“My native place is Rahimatpur, around 10 km from Koregaon. My father was a clerk in the court and we lived in a small, rented house.”
Hanmant was a brilliant student especially good in mathematics. When he was in class six, the family shifted to Pune. They lived in Phugewadi near Dapodi in a tiny one-room house-10 by 10 feet. At this point, Hanmant realized the difference between himself and those who had money.
Hanmant was then studying at Modern High School. He needed one rupee to buy a bus ticket to and from the everyday. Even that was hard to come by.
Despite the hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class 10. Hanmant completed his diploma and joined Philips as a trainee. But he wasn’t happy with the work he got there.
The natural choice for a diploma engineer is to go for a B.Tech. But engineering colleges charge hefty fees. At the time, the family’s only source of income was a teacher’s salary of Rs. 2,300 a month……….
And then I decided to also do some earning. “Khud Ka Kamana Chalu Kiya”.
Hanmant took up painting jobs and quickly discovered it was excellent business.
The young engineering student paid his own fees from the third year onwards. But his lifestyle remained frugal.
Life was getting better, but Hanmant had his sights set higher. In the final year of engineering, he was attracted to the writings of Swami Vivekananda.
“I felt Ki Kuch Alag Karna hai. What should I do, I did not know but in 1993 I formed an organization-Bharat Vikas Pratisthan.”
B.2) Complete :
|
Hardships faced by Hanmant Gaikwad |
B.3) Rewrite the following sentence choosing the appropriate word/s for the underlined word/s :
(i) His lifestyle remained frugal:
(a) simple
(b) meager
(c) extravagant
(ii) Despite hardships, Hanmant secured 88% in class X:
(a) In spite of
(b) Regarding
(c) Affected
(iii) Hanmant took up painting jobs:
(a) assumed
(b) to continue
(c) accepted
(iv) Hanmant had his sights set higher:
(a) looked ahead
(b) lofty ambitions
(c) looked above
B.4) Do as Directed
(i) Hanmant secured 88% in class X. ( Begin the sentence as-88%....................)
(ii) In the final year of engineering, he was attracted towards the writings of Swami Vivekananda. (Frame a ‘Wh-question’ to get the underlined part as the answer.)
B.5) “Today’s hardships lead to tomorrow’s success”-Justify.
Notice these expressions in the text. Infer their meaning from the context.
-
blow-by-blow account
-
morale booster
-
relegated to
-
political acumen
-
de facto
-
astute
-
doctored accounts
-
gave vent to
Explain the associations that the colour 'white' has in the story.
What do you infer from Darwin's comment on his indifference to literature as he advanced in years?
Why do you think that the poet has chosen the title ‘Telephone Conversation’? If you were to suggest another title for the poem, what would it be?
Read the extract and state whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
The author did not succeed in finding Kasbai.
Find from the lesson word/phrase that mean the following.
colours .............
Answer the given question in your own words.
Why did the Swallow finally decide not to leave the Prince?
Kite - flying in Gujarat, is a competitive sport - cum - festival.
Sue and Johnsy were very close friends.
Correct the following statement.
The real ivy leaf did not fall off at all.
Choose the correct alternative from the following -
From one star given to the movie, we conclude that - _______________.
Imagine that you wish to organize a cultural event at your college. Prepare your own web-chart to indicate the qualities that you expect to have in a compere.
The man in the moon is mentioned in many nursery rhymes and stories. When people see the spots on the surface of the moon, they imagine that it’s a human face or the figure of a man who lives on the moon. Sometimes, other characters like rabbits are also imagined to live with the man. Here are two nursery rhymes about the man on the moon.
Explain the following statement with reference to the context.
Because your father can't do without my help.
Discuss and write 1-2 lines about the following.
Yonamine’s fight with Bushi (disguised as a bandit).
If you saw someone abusing an animal, what would you do? Write about it in 5 lines.
Write the conditions that Portia put down to warn Shylock.
Use the following expressions in your own sentences:
- We all agree that
- It is he/she who
- Don’t you see
- None of us
Write about what you would like to do if ‘Time’ was your friend.
Read the following sentence aloud. Write who said it and to whom.
“You have nothing else?”
Write the following:
The sights seen through a railway carriage mentioned in the first stanza.
Answer the following question and write in short, why the parody sounds funny.
Why does the crocodile work?
Who said the following, to whom, and when?
“As you desire, Huzoor.”
Find out how the following game is played.
Kho-Kho
Find out how the following game is played.
Badminton
Think about what you do and you must learn to do when you speak. Make a list of such 'Do's' and Don'ts' for yourself.
Why does the poet say that the dewdrops greet the dawn?
Read the comic strip and answer the following question.
Do you think that all the information online can be used without any permission?
Look at the number pattern. Fill the blank in the middle of the series or end of the series.
SCD, TEF, UGH, ______, WKL
Read the lines and answer the question given below.
Here is a child who clambers and scrambles,
All by himself and gathering brambles;
- Where do you think the child is?
- What does ‘gathering brambles’ mean?
What word could best replace ‘charges’ in the poem - marches, rushes or pushes?
The horses were four and a half inches tall.
Where did the space shuttle land?
How did Santhosh know that the river was clean?
Match the actions with the picture.
| mixes for community food service |  |
| sows the grain |  |
| feeds the birds |  |
The farmer had _______ daughters.
| Mr. Murugan is a farmer. He has a small piece of land and two bulls. He takes good care of his bulls as they help him in farming. Every morning, he takes the bulls for grazing. When it rains he ploughs the land with the bulls. As he has no one to help he starts sowing the seed before sunrise. He irrigates the crop till it grows. He reaps and binds the crop then takes it to thrash the paddy. Finally, with the help of the bulls, he takes the paddy to his house. |
Name the actions of Murugan.
 |
|
 |
|
 |
Rosy ______a bicycle.
Try your own.
Whose hospitality is described in the poem?
Identify the character or the speaker.
“Oh no! What shall I do now?”
Why did the bird catcher need fire?
Recite the poem ‘Mother Nature’.
Why did everyone ridicule the boy?
Did she give up the fight?
What did the archer want to show to the crowd?
Choose the champion of the year.
Answer the following yes or no question.
Did Appu share guava?
Fill in the blank
Do you like apple______ orange?
Meena was transferred to a______.
Who helped Tenzin in learning English words?
What happened to Jayan?
Read the passage three times on your own. Colour a Piggy bank each time you read.
Piggy bank is a coin box used by children. The real use of a piggy bank is to store coins. Piggy banks look like pigs. They come in many shapes and sizes. In Tamil, they are known as Hundial. It is a red, mud pot. We can drop the coins into the pot. Once the pot is full, we must break the pot and use the coins. Start saving with your hundial today!
Write the word with same meaning.
purse- ______
Choose the right word.
Chintha Chettu is a tamarind ______.
Read the passage carefully and complete the activities:
A1. Complete the following sentences. [2]
- Female sparrows lay ______.
- Sparrows build their nest out of ______.
- The eggs are ______.
- In cities, sparrows build their nest in ______.
|
A sparrow is a small bird which is found throughout the world. There are many different species of sparrows. Sparrows are only about four to six inches in length. Many people appreciate their beautiful songs. Sparrows prefer to build their nests in low places-usually on the ground clumps of grass low trees and low bushes. In cities, they build their nests in building nooks or holes. They rarely build their nests in high places. They build their nests out of twigs grasses and plant fibers. Their nests are usually small and well-built structures. Female sparrows lay four to six eggs at a time. The eggs are white with reddish-brown spots. They hatch within eleven to fourteen days. Both the male and female parents care for the young. Insects are fed to the young after hatching. The large feet of the sparrows are used for scratching seeds. Adult sparrows mainly eat seeds. Sparrows can be found almost everywhere where there are humans. Many people throughout the world enjoy these delightful birds. The sparrows are some of the few birds that engage in dust bathing. Sparrows will first scratch a hole in the ground with their feet then lie in it and fling dirt or sand over their bodies with flicks of their wings. They will also bathe in water or in dry or melting snow. Water bathing is similar to dust bathing with the sparrow standing in shallow water and flicking water over its back with its wings also ducking its head under the water. Both activities are social with up to a hundred birds participating at once and are followed by preening and sometimes group singing. |
A2. How do sparrows take a bath? [2]
A3. Find out adjectives for the following nouns from the passage. [2]
- ______ Song
- ______ Water
- ______ Bird
- ______ species
A4. Do as directed. [2]
- A sparrow is a small bird which is found throughout the world.
(Underline the subordinate clause) - Female sparrows lay four to six eggs at a time.
(Frame a ‘wh’ type question to get the underlined part as an answer.)
A5. ‘We have to save the birds.’ Do you agree with this statement? Why? [2]
