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प्रश्न
Answer the following
Explain the ammonolysis of alkyl halides.
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उत्तर
i. When alkyl halide is heated with an alcoholic solution of excess ammonia, it undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group to form primary amine.
ii. This process of breaking of the C – X bond by ammonia is known as ammonolysis. The reaction is also known as the alkylation of ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373 K.
iii. The primary amine obtained in the1st step is stronger nucleophile than ammonia. Hence, it further reacts with an alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt if NH3 is not used in large excess.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Alkyl halide}}{R - X} + \underset{\text{(excess)}}{NH3_{(alc.)}}->[\Delta] \underset{1^0}{R} - NH2 + HX}\]
iv. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides with ammonia is R–I > R–Br > R–Cl.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Identify the compounds 'A' and 'B' in the following equation:
Illustrate the following reaction giving suitable example in each case:Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :
Accomplish the following conversion:
Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid
Give the structure of A, B and C in the following reaction:
\[\ce{C6H5NO2 ->[Fe/HCl] A ->[NaNO2 + HCl][273 K] B ->[H2O/H+][\Delta] C}\]
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
\[\ce{CH3COOH ->[NH3][\Delta] A ->[NaOBr] B ->[NaNO2/HCl] C}\]
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reaction:
\[\ce{C6H5NO2 ->[Fe/HCl] A ->[HNO2][273 K] B ->[C6H5OH] C}\]
Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?
Write the reaction of aliphatic primary amine with nitrous acid.
Give a plausible explanation for the following:
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Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions :
Answer the following
Write a reaction to convert acetic acid into methylamine.
Answer the following
Explain Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
Mendius reaction is used to convert _____________
Write reactions to bring about the following conversions.
Acetamide to methylamine
Explain the following reaction with a suitable example.
Hofmann elimination reaction
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Identify the product obtained, when benzamide is treated with bromine and aqueous sodium hydroxide.
Identify the product obtained when benzyl chloride undergoes ammonolysis in presence of excess ammonia followed by the reaction with two moles of methyl iodide.
What is the molar mass of the amine formed when acetamide undergoes Hofmann bromamide degradation?
Which nitrogen containing compound amongst the following would undergo Mendius reduction to furnish primary amine \[\ce{(R - NH2)}\]?
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In aqueous phase the order of basic strength of alkylamine is ______.
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Hoffmann Bromamide Degradation reaction is shown by ______.
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(i) \[\ce{Sn/HCl}\]
(ii) \[\ce{Fe/HCl}\]
(iii) \[\ce{H2 - Pd}\]
(iv) \[\ce{Sn/NH4OH}\]
The reagents that can be used to convert benzenediazonium chloride to benzene are:
(i) \[\ce{SnCl2/HCl}\]
(ii) \[\ce{CH3CH2OH}\]
(iii) \[\ce{H3PO2}\]
(iv) \[\ce{LiAlH4}\]
Which of the following amines can be prepared by Gabriel synthesis.
(i) Isobutyl amine
(ii) 2-Phenylethylamine
(iii) N-methylbenzylamine
(iv) Aniline
Which of the following reactions are correct?
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
Under which of the following reaction conditions, aniline gives p-nitro derivative as the major product?
(i) Acetyl chloride/pyridine followed by reaction with conc.\[\ce{H2SO4 }\] + conc. \[\ce{HNO3}\].
(ii) Acetic anyhdride/pyridine followed by conc.\[\ce{H2SO4}\] + conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\].
(iii) Dil. HCl followed by reaction with conc.\[\ce{H2SO4}\] + conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\].
(iv) Reaction with conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\] + conc.\[\ce{H2 SO4}\].
Identify A and B in the following reaction.
How will you carry out the following conversion?
How will you carry out the following conversions?
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Reason: \[\ce{FeCl2}\] formed gets hydrolysed to release \[\ce{HCl}\] during the reaction.
Assertion: Aromatic 1° amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis.
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The Gabriels' phthalimide synthesis is used in the synthesis of
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Choose the correct order of the basic nature of the above amines.
Write short note on the following:
Ammonolysis
Write a short note on Ammonolysis.
Write a short note on the following:
Ammonolysis
