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प्रश्न
Answer the following
Explain the ammonolysis of alkyl halides.
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उत्तर
i. When alkyl halide is heated with an alcoholic solution of excess ammonia, it undergoes a nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the halogen atom is replaced by an amino (–NH2) group to form primary amine.
ii. This process of breaking of the C – X bond by ammonia is known as ammonolysis. The reaction is also known as the alkylation of ammonia. The reaction is carried out in a sealed tube at 373 K.
iii. The primary amine obtained in the1st step is stronger nucleophile than ammonia. Hence, it further reacts with an alkyl halide to form secondary and tertiary amines and finally quaternary ammonium salt if NH3 is not used in large excess.
\[\ce{\underset{\text{Alkyl halide}}{R - X} + \underset{\text{(excess)}}{NH3_{(alc.)}}->[\Delta] \underset{1^0}{R} - NH2 + HX}\]
iv. The order of reactivity of alkyl halides with ammonia is R–I > R–Br > R–Cl.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Illustrate the following reaction giving suitable example in each case:Gabriel phthalimide synthesis
Accomplish the following conversion:
Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid
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\[\ce{C6H5NO2 ->[Fe/HCl] A ->[NaNO2 + HCl][273 K] B ->[H2O/H+][\Delta] C}\]
Why cannot aromatic primary amines be prepared by Gabriel phthalimide synthesis?
Write the reaction of aromatic primary amine with nitrous acid.
Explain the mechanism of action of hydroiodic acid on 3-methylbutan-2-ol.
Mention 'two' uses of propan-2-one.
Arrange the following in the increasing order of their pKb values:
C6H5NH2, C2H5NH2, C6H5NHCH3
Answer in one sentence.
Which amide does produce ethanamine by Hofmann bromamide degradation reaction?
Answer the following
Identify A and B in the following reactions.
\[\ce{C6H5CH2Br->[alco.][KCN]A ->[Na/ethanol]B.}\]
Answer the following
Write a reaction to convert acetic acid into methylamine.
The following amines is the product of Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
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Identify the major product (B).
\[\ce{CH3-CN ->[Na/C2H5OH]}\]
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Identify 'A' and 'B' in the following conversions.
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Reason (R): Alkyl halides have halogen attached to sp3 hybrid carbon.
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Amongst the following, the strongest base in aqueous medium is ______.
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(ii) \[\ce{CH3CH2OH}\]
(iii) \[\ce{H3PO2}\]
(iv) \[\ce{LiAlH4}\]
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(i) Isobutyl amine
(ii) 2-Phenylethylamine
(iii) N-methylbenzylamine
(iv) Aniline
Under which of the following reaction conditions, aniline gives p-nitro derivative as the major product?
(i) Acetyl chloride/pyridine followed by reaction with conc.\[\ce{H2SO4 }\] + conc. \[\ce{HNO3}\].
(ii) Acetic anyhdride/pyridine followed by conc.\[\ce{H2SO4}\] + conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\].
(iii) Dil. HCl followed by reaction with conc.\[\ce{H2SO4}\] + conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\].
(iv) Reaction with conc.\[\ce{HNO3}\] + conc.\[\ce{H2 SO4}\].
Suggest a route by which the following conversion can be accomplished.
Identify A and B in the following reaction.
How will you bring out the following conversion?
How will you carry out the following conversion?
Match the reactions given in Column I with the statements given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II | ||
| (i) | Ammonolysis | (a) | Amine with lesser number of carbon atoms |
| (ii) | Gabriel phthalimide synthesis | (b) | Detection test for primary amines. |
| (iii) | Hoffmann Bromamide reaction | (c) | Reaction of phthalimide with \[\ce{KOH}\] and \[\ce{R-X}\] |
| (iv) | Carbylamine reaction | (d) | Reaction of alkylhalides with \[\ce{NH3}\] |
Assertion: Aromatic 1° amines can be prepared by Gabriel Phthalimide Synthesis.
Reason: Aryl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution with anion formed by phthalimide.
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Write short note on the following:
Ammonolysis
Write short note on the following:
Ammonolysis
Identify A and B in the following reaction.
\[\ce{C6H5CH2Br ->[Alco.][KCN] A ->[Na/Ethanol][reduction] B}\]
Write a short note on the following:
Ammonolysis
Assertion: Amimonolysis of alkyl halides involves the reaction between alkyl halides and alcoholic ammonia.
Reason: Ammonolysis of alkyl halides produces secondary amines only.
Write a short note on the following:
Ammonolysis.
Write short notes on the following:
Ammonolysis
