Topics
Psychology : A Scientific Discipline
- Science of Psychology
- Key Features of Science
- History of Psychology as a Science
- Research Methods in Psychology> Experimental Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Survey Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Observation Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Case Study Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Correlation Studies
- Challenges in Establishing Psychology as a Science
- Importance of Rationality
Intelligence
- Concept of Intelligence
- Perspectives on Intelligence
- Intelligence as a Single, General Ability
- Theories of Intelligence
- E. L. Thorndike's Theory
- Louis Thurstone’s Multifactor Theory
- Charles Spearman's Two Factor Theory
- Theory of Intelligence by Cattell
- Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory
- Measurement of Intelligence
- History of Measurement of Intelligence
- Mental Age
- Intelligence Quotient
- Types of Intelligence Tests
- Individual Test
- Group Test
- Verbal Test
- Non-Verbal Test
- Applications of Intelligence Testing
- New Trends in Intelligence> Social Intelligence
- New Trends in Intelligence> Emotional Intelligence
- New Trends in Intelligence> Artificial Intelligence
Personality
Cognitive Processes
Emotions
- Concept of Emotions
- History of Emotions
- Basic Emotions
- Plutchik’s Model
- Physiological Changes During Emotions
- Emotional Well-Being
- Achieving Emotional Well Being
- Benefits of Emotional Well-Being
- Emotional Abuse
- Managing Emotions
- Anger Management
- Anticipating and Managing Anger
- The 3 R's: Relax, Reassess, and Respond
Psychological Disorders
- Concept of Abnormal Behaviour
- Nature of Psychological Disorders
- Criteria for Psychological Disorders
- Concept of Mental Wellness
- Mental Disorders - Its Classification
- Major Psychological Disorder> Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Bipolar Disorder
- Major Psychological Disorder> Trauma and Stress Related Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Schizophrenia
- Identifying and Treating Psychological Disorders
First Aid in Mental Health
Positive Psychology
- Introduction
- IQ Levels and Interpretation
- Formula of IQ
- Example
- Activity: Calculation of IQ
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
Introduction
Intelligence Quotient (I.Q.) is a standardized measure of an individual’s intellectual ability, indicating how their mental age compares with their chronological age. First introduced by William Stern in 1912 and refined by Lewis Terman, IQ helps psychologists assess learning strengths, cognitive challenges, and identify intellectual giftedness or disability.
IQ Levels and Interpretation
Formula of IQ
\[\mathrm{IQ}=\frac{\text{Mental Age (MA)}}{\text{Chronological Age (CA)}}\times100\]
- Mental Age (MA): The level at which a person can solve problems or answer questions, compared to the average abilities of a specific age group.
- Chronological Age (CA): The actual age in years.
Example
| Individual | Mental Age (in years) | Chronological Age (in years) | Relation between Mental Age and Chronological Age | Intelligent Quotient (I.Q.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Esha | 12 | 10 | M.A. is greater than C.A. | 120 (Above Average) |
| Ankit | 10 | 10 | M.A. is equal to C.A. | 100 (Average) |
| Rajesh | 08 | 10 | M.A. is less than C.A. | 80 (Below Average) |
Activity: Calculation of IQ
1. Aabha is a genius girl. Her chronological age is 8 years, and her mental age is 14 years. Find out her I.Q.
-
Aabha: M.A. = 14, C.A. = 8
I.Q. = (14 ÷ 8) × 100 = 175 (“Genius/Exceptionally Gifted”)
2. Mayur has learning disabilities. His chronological age is 8 years, and his mental age is 6 years. Find out his I.Q.
-
Mayur: M.A. = 6, C.A. = 8
I.Q. = (6 ÷ 8) × 100 = 75 (“Below Average”)
Real-Life Application
Imagine a classroom with ten-year-old students. If Esha solves problems like a twelve-year-old, her mental age is higher than her actual age—making her “above average.” Rajesh, solving like an eight-year-old, scores below his age group and is “below average.”
Key Point Summary
- I.Q. compares mental and chronological age to assess intelligence.
- Average I.Q. is 100; higher scores indicate advanced cognitive ability, while lower scores may signal learning challenges.
- I.Q. tests help in educational planning (gifted education, remedial support).
- IQ does not measure creativity, personality, or emotional skills.
