Topics
Psychology : A Scientific Discipline
- Science of Psychology
- Key Features of Science
- History of Psychology as a Science
- Research Methods in Psychology> Experimental Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Survey Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Observation Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Case Study Method
- Research Methods in Psychology> Correlation Studies
- Challenges in Establishing Psychology as a Science
- Importance of Rationality
Intelligence
- Concept of Intelligence
- Perspectives on Intelligence
- Intelligence as a Single, General Ability
- Theories of Intelligence
- E. L. Thorndike's Theory
- Louis Thurstone’s Multifactor Theory
- Charles Spearman's Two Factor Theory
- Theory of Intelligence by Cattell
- Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Theory
- Measurement of Intelligence
- History of Measurement of Intelligence
- Mental Age
- Intelligence Quotient
- Types of Intelligence Tests
- Individual Test
- Group Test
- Verbal Test
- Non-Verbal Test
- Applications of Intelligence Testing
- New Trends in Intelligence> Social Intelligence
- New Trends in Intelligence> Emotional Intelligence
- New Trends in Intelligence> Artificial Intelligence
Personality
Cognitive Processes
Emotions
- Concept of Emotions
- History of Emotions
- Basic Emotions
- Plutchik’s Model
- Physiological Changes During Emotions
- Emotional Well-Being
- Achieving Emotional Well Being
- Benefits of Emotional Well-Being
- Emotional Abuse
- Managing Emotions
- Anger Management
- Anticipating and Managing Anger
- The 3 R's: Relax, Reassess, and Respond
Psychological Disorders
- Concept of Abnormal Behaviour
- Nature of Psychological Disorders
- Criteria for Psychological Disorders
- Concept of Mental Wellness
- Mental Disorders - Its Classification
- Major Psychological Disorder> Anxiety Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Bipolar Disorder
- Major Psychological Disorder> Trauma and Stress Related Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
- Major Psychological Disorder> Schizophrenia
- Identifying and Treating Psychological Disorders
First Aid in Mental Health
Positive Psychology
Estimated time: 17 minutes
- Origin
- Definition: Schizophrenia
- Key Theorists
- Positive Symptoms
- Negative Symptoms
- Psychomotor Symptoms
- Overall Impact
- Key Points: Major Psychological Disorder> Schizophrenia
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Origin
- Paul Eugen Bleuler coined the term "schizophrenia" in 1911 from the Greek words "schizein" (split) and "phren" (mind).
- The term refers to fragmented thinking, not split personality, affecting thought, emotion, and behaviour.
- It affects about 1% of people, is more common in males, and typically starts in adolescence or young adulthood.
CBSE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Definition: Schizophrenia
- Schizophrenia is the descriptive term for a group of psychotic disorders in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of disturbed thought processes, strange perceptions, unusual emotional states, and motor abnormalities.
- Schizophreniais a breakdown of integrated personality function, withdrawal from reality, emotional blocking, distortion, and disturbances of thought and behaviour.
- It is a complex disorder or a cluster of disorders characterized by fragmentation of basic psychological disorders like attention, perception, thought, emotion, behaviour, social relationships, and motivation.
CISCE: Class 12
Key Theorists
- Adolf Meyer viewed schizophrenia as a reaction to various life stresses.
- Harry Sullivan saw social isolation as both cause and symptom of the disorder.
- Langfeldt distinguished true schizophrenia from schizophreniform psychoses.
- Kurt Schneider identified first-rank symptoms, such as hearing voices commenting on the patient.
CBSE: Class 12
Positive Symptoms
- Delusions are false beliefs like persecution (being plotted against), reference (events have personal meaning), grandeur (special powers), or control (thoughts manipulated).
- Disorganised thinking causes loose associations, neologisms (invented words), and perseveration (repetitive thoughts).
- Hallucinations occur without stimuli; auditory voices are most common, followed by tactile, somatic, visual, gustatory, and olfactory types.
- Inappropriate affect shows emotions mismatched to situations.
CBSE: Class 12
Negative Symptoms
- Alogia refers to poverty of speech with reduced content and quantity.
- Blunted or flat affect shows diminished or absent emotional expression.
- Avolition creates apathy and the inability to initiate or complete actions.
- Social withdrawal leads to isolation and focus on personal fantasies.
CBSE: Class 12
Psychomotor Symptoms
- Patients show reduced spontaneous movement and make odd grimaces or gestures.
- Catatonic stupor involves remaining motionless and silent for long periods.
- Catatonic rigidity maintains rigid postures for hours.
- Catatonic posturing holds awkward, bizarre positions over time.
CBSE: Class 12
Overall Impact
- Schizophrenia deteriorates personal, social, and occupational functioning.
- It creates high psychological and social costs for patients, families, and society.
- The disorder fragments basic functions like attention, perception, and motivation.
CBSE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Maharashtra State Board: Class 12
CISCE: Class 12
Key Points: Major Psychological Disorder> Schizophrenia
- The term schizophrenia was coined by Paul Eugen Bleuler in 1911 from the Greek words schizein (split) and phren (mind), referring to fragmented thinking.
- It is a psychotic disorder that usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood and disturbs thoughts, emotions, perception, and behaviour.
- It is a complex cluster of disorders involving withdrawal from reality and problems in attention, perception, motivation, and social relationships.
- Important theorists include Meyer (life stresses), Sullivan (social isolation), Langfeldt (types of schizophrenia), and Schneider (first-rank symptoms).
- Symptoms include positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganised thinking), negative symptoms (alogia, flat affect, avolition, social withdrawal), and psychomotor symptoms (catatonia).
