Nootan solutions for बायोलॉजी [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ आयसीएसई chapter 18 - Environmental Issues [Latest edition]

The smog is formed by ______.

Cyclic variations of CO₂ concentration in the atmosphere are due to changes in ______.

Minamata disease in Japan was the result of water pollution by ______.

Electrostatic precipitators (ESP) are used to control ______.

The gas that usually causes explosion in coal mines is ______.

Find out the incorrect statement in the following:

PAN is ______.

Photochemical smog always contains ______.

The most harmful environmental pollutants are ______.

Increase in carbon dioxide in atmosphere is harmful because it ______.

Which one of the following is a rich source of energy and never causes atmospheric pollution?

Which one of the following is major greenhouse gas?

Smog is the consequence of ______.

Peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) kills plants by ______.

Bhopal tragedy occurred due to a highly toxic chemical which was ______.

Which one of the following is not matched properly?

In a water body the input of pollutants rich in nitrogen and phosphorus causes rapid growth of ______.

‘Eutrophic’ water body is a ______.

‘Biological magnification’ is the phenomenon of ______.

‘Spray collectors’ are used to control ______.

Oxidation ponds involve ______.

Most serious damage to soil is caused by ______.

MIC (methyl iso-cyanate) is used for the manufacture of ______.

The problem with the shifting cultivation is that it requires ______.

Decreased BOD is an indication of ______.

Eutrophication leads to death of fish due to ______.

Temperature inversions are responsible for ______.

Which one of the following is held responsible for the depletion of earth’s ozone layer?

Lead in the atmosphere can cause ______.

Methaemoglobinaemia results from ______.

Which one of the following erosion processes is a natural process?

Which of the following is an air pollutant gas and forms acid rain?

Which one of the following is primary pollutant?

Non-biodegradable pollutants are created by ______.

The loudness of a sound that a person can withstand without discomfort is about ______.

Among the following which one causes maximum indoor chemical pollution?

Choose the incorrect statement:

Catalytic converters are fitted into automobiles to reduce emission of harmful gases. Catalytic converters change unburnt hydrocarbons into ______.

Bhopal gas tragedy is associated with which of the following?

Which of the following exhibits biomagnification?

Taj Mahal is threatened due to the effect of ______.

If concentration in CO₂ increases continuously in the environment, what will be its effect?

If pollutants are added continuously in a water body, they will cause ______.

The major greenhouse gas is ______.

In large cities with heavy traffic, due to pollution by fuels of combustion a layer of cloud lays over the crowded areas. This cloud is called ______.

In metropolitan cities air pollution is mainly due to ______.

Carbon monoxide is a major pollutant of ______.

Acid rain is caused due to increase in the concentration of ______ and ______.

Burning of fossil fuel is main cause of ______ pollution.

______ is considered as one of the most toxic and dangerous air pollutants, being a major component of acid rain.

______ is a product of incomplete combustion of fuels. It reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

______ pollutants are those substances for which there exists natural waste treatment mechanism.

The accumulation of pesticides at successive trophic levels is called ______.

A water body rich in organic matter shows ______ value of B.O.D.

A problem with non-biodegradable toxic pollutants is that they undergo biologic ______ as they pass through food webs.

U-V radiations from sunlight causes the reaction that produces ______.

Increase in concentration of soluble salts in the soil is called ______.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Acid rain frequently falls over the Himalaya.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Lichens are indicator of water pollution.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

DDT is a biodegradable pollutant.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Lichens are sensitive to air pollution.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Greenhouse effect is due to acid rain.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Pollution is helpful in the balance and cycling processes of the nature.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Greenhouse effect is the name given to green revolution.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Lichens serve as pollution indicators.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Atmospheric nitrogen reacts with oxygen under the action of lightening producing oxides of nitrogen which are carried to the earth by precipitation in the form of nitrous or nitric acid.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Air is polluted mainly through combustion.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Chlorofluorocarbons accelerate the breaking and making process of ozone.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

BOD is assessed to measure the pollution load of soil.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The best example of a biodegradable pollutant is the domestic sewage which can be rapidly decomposed by natural processes.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Non-ionising radiations have high penetrability.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Any natural water body is able to purify itself provided further pollution is stopped and the water body is given sufficient time to recover.

Which of the gases released by automobile emissions are the main source of acid rain?

What chemicals cause major damage to the protective ozone layer of the Earth?

Name the gas released during Bhopal tragedy in 1984.

What is PAN?

What chemicals used in aerosol sprays, refrigerators and some plastic foams deplete the ozone layer and so contribute to global warming?

Name an air pollutant gas which forms acid rain.

Tell the units in which the thickness of the ozone in a column of air from the ground to the top of the atmosphere is measured.

Name any two air-polluting gases.

Where is good ozone present? Why is it called so?

Name two metals used in a catalytic converter. How do they help in keeping the environment clean?

State the purpose of signing the Montreal Protocol.

Inspite of being non-polluting, why are there great apprehensions in using nuclear energy for generating electricity?

List two advantages of the use of unleaded petrol in automobiles as fuel.

Mention two harmful effects of UV-B exposure on human eye.

What depletes ozone in the stratosphere?

Name the city in which the entire public road transport runs on CNG.

Tell the raw material for polyblend.

Name an industry which can cause both air and thermal pollution and as well as eutrophication.

In which year was the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act amended to include noise as air pollution.

Write the appropriate method for disposal of e-waste.

Name any two air-polluting gases.

Given below is a remedial measure to minimise specific kinds of pollution. Name the kind of pollution related to the remedial measure mentioned:

Less use of high ash content coal

Given below is a remedial measure to minimise specific kinds of pollution. Name the kind of pollution related to the remedial measure mentioned:

Sewage silviculture

Given below is a remedial measure to minimise specific kinds of pollution. Name the kind of pollution related to the remedial measure mentioned:

Using quieter machines

Given below is a remedial measure to minimise specific kinds of pollution. Name the kind of pollution related to the remedial measure mentioned:

Recycling of materials

Tell the possible source of silt that gets deposited in the water tanks.

An electrostatic precipitator in a thermal power plant is not able to generate a high voltage of several thousand. Write the ecological implication because of it.

Write the effect on the characteristics of a river when urban sewage is discharged into it.

Write the main function of ozone gas found in stratosphere layer of atmosphere.

Name two main acids responsible for acid rain.

Which unit is used to measure sound pollution?

‘Air pollution can change the climate’. Comment on the statement.

How would depletion of ozone from the stratosphere affect human life?

State the effects of discharging organic wastes rich in nutrients in a water body.

What is environmental pollution?

Discuss in brief the various types of pollution affecting your locality.

What are important sources of air pollution in India?

Mention chief pollutants and their harmful effects.

Write short note on Green House Effect.

Write a short note on Photochemical smog.

Write a short note on Acid Rain.

Write a short note on Chlorofluorocarbons.

Write a short note on Electrostatic precipitators.

Write a short note on Ozone depletion.

What are major gaseous pollutants?

How do gaseous pollutants affect vegetation?

How do gaseous pollutants affect human life?

What is environmental pollution?

Can pollution of the environment occur without human intervention?

Increasing smoking in human society is an effective factor of air pollution and symbol of dangerous diseases. Give your suggestions to control it.

Illustrate various types of pollutants that cause air pollution. How do they affect the health of man?

What measures should be taken to combat the air pollution?

What is the level of noise (dB) of the alarm clock?

What is the level of noise (dB) of the bedroom?

What is the level of noise (dB) when taking off a jet plane?

What is the level of noise (dB) in a hospital ward?

Describe the effects of radioactive pollution on biological system.

Give some measures to Control Radioactive Pollution.

What are the major sources of water pollution in our country?

Discuss the nature of pollutants involved in water pollution in our country.

Suggest methods to control water pollution in our country.

‘The most outstanding danger today is the radioactive fall out.’ Comment upon the statement.

What are the sources of soil pollution?

Mention some measures for improving polluted soil.

Discuss the effects of overfishing on the environment.

Discuss the effects of the disposal of nuclear waste on the environment.

Discuss the effects of the use of pesticides and fertilizers on the environment.

Give an account of pollutants which are harmful to ozone layer.

What is the importance of ozone layer for the life on Earth?

Write a short note on Chipko Andolan.

Write a short note on Joint Forest Management.

Mention any two harmful effects of Global Warming.

State any four measures to control noise pollution.

Define BOD.

What is its significance in an aquatic ecosystem?

Write critical notes on Biological magnification.

Assertion: Motor vehicles equipped with catalytic converter should use unleaded petrol.

Reason: The catalyst used in the catalytic converter gets inactivated by the lead in the petrol.

Expand CNG.

What is eutrophication?

Explain the consequences of eutrophication on the life of plants and animals in an aquatic ecosystem.

Why does a large ozone hole develop specifically over Antarctica?

How DDT is responsible for a decline in bird population?

Whatever CFCs are added to the stratosphere, they have permanent and continuing effects on ozone levels.

With the help of a flow chart, show the phenomenon of biomagnifications of DDT in an aquatic food chain.

What are the various constituents of domestic sewage?

Discuss the effects of sewage discharge on a river.

List all the wastes that you generate, at home, school or during your trips to other places. Could you very easily reduce the generation of these wastes? Which would be difficult or rather impossible to reduce?

Discuss the causes of global warming.

Discuss the effects of global warming.

What measures need to be taken to control global warming?

Match the items given in columns A and B:

Write a critical note on Eutrophication.

Write critical notes on Biological magnification.

Write a critical note on Groundwater depletion and ways for its replenishment.

Why does a large ozone hole develop specifically over Antarctica?

How will enhanced ultraviolet radiation affect us?

Discuss the role of women and communities in protection and conservation of forests.

What measures as an individual, you would take to reduce environmental pollution?

Discuss briefly the following:

Radioactive wastes

Discuss briefly Defunct ships and e-wastes.

Discuss briefly the following:

Municipal solid wastes

What initiatives were taken for reducing vehicular air pollution in Delhi? Has air quality improved in Delhi?

Discuss briefly about Greenhouse gases

Discuss briefly the following:

Catalytic converter

Discuss briefly about Ultraviolet B.

What are the consequences of deforestation?

A few residents in your locality, for business gains, have established small-scale industrial/commercial activities such as pathological labs and fabric dyeing centres without obtaining ‘No objection certificates’ from municipal authorities. Would you support these activities? Give any three reasons in support of your answer.

Presently, air quality of Delhi has significantly improved in comparison to what existed before 1997. This is the result of a lot of conscious human efforts. You are being asked to conduct an awareness programme in your locality wherein you will comment on the steps taken by the Delhi Government to improve the air quality.

1. Write any two of your comments.
2. List any two ways that you would include in your programme so as to ensure the maintenance of good quality of air.
3. State any two values your programme will inculcate in the people of your locality.

Since October 02, 2014 “Swachh Bharat Abhiyan” has been launched in our country.

1. Write your views on this initiative giving justification.
2. As a biologist name two problems that you may face while implementing the programme in your locality.
3. Suggest two remedial methods to overcome these problems.

How did a citizen group called Friends of Arcata Marsh Arcata, California, USA, help to improve the water quality of the marshland using Integrated Waste Water Treatment? Explain in four steps.

Looking at the deteriorating air quality because of air pollution in many cities of the country, the citizens are very much worried and concerned about their health. The doctors have declared the health emergency in the cities where the air quality is very severely poor.

1. Mention any two major causes of air pollution.
2. Write any two harmful effects of air pollution to plants and humans.
3. As a captain of your school Eco-club, suggest any two programmes you would plan to organise in the school so as to bring awareness among the students on how to check air pollution in and around the school.

Public all over India is very much concerned about the deteriorating air quality in large parts of North India. Alarmed by this situation the Resident’s Welfare Association of your locality organized an awareness programme entitled “Bury not burn”. They invited you, being a biology student to participate.

1. How would you justify your arguments that promote burying and discourage burning? (Give two reasons)
2. With the help of flow charts, one for each practice depict the chain of events that follow.