Nootan solutions for बायोलॉजी [अंग्रेजी] कक्षा १२ आईएससी chapter 11 - Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production [Latest edition]

Process of bringing wild species of plants under cultivation to suit human needs is called ______.

Which one of the following crops was subjected the most to continuous selection and domestication by man?

Removal of stamens from bisexual parents before they burst and have shed their pollens is called ______.

The method of correcting the defective genes is called ______.

Hybrid vigour can be maintained for long periods by ______.

The development of improved varieties of economically important plants is mainly ______.

Hybrid vigour is due to ______.

Genetic variability can be created by ______.

Which of the following is an improved variety of wheat crop?

The emasculation is required for ______.

The pathogen free plants are obtained from ______.

Heterosis is ______.

The tetraploid ancestor of the modern wheat is ______.

Breeding crops for improved nutritional quality is referred to as ______.

Triticale is developed through intergeneric hybridization of ______.

Use of certain chemicals and radiation to change the base sequences of genes of crop plants is termed ______.

An explant is ______.

A collection of all the alleles of all the genes of a crop plant is called ______.

Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are varieties of ______.

Which one of the following combination would a sugarcane farmer look for in the sugarcane crop?

The biggest constraint of plant breeding is ______.

The development of plants with higher level of food productivity by plant breeding methods is called as ______.

Chief method (s) of plant breeding is/are ______.

Which of the following breeds of buffaloes is in most demand?

The term used for birds raised under domestication for economic purposes is called ______.

Which one of the following is a bacterial disease of chickens?

The best table bird among native birds is ______.

A nutritional disease of poultry birds is ______.

Which of the following is a fresh water edible fish?

Inland fisheries mean the culturing of fish in ______.

Aquaculture involves the production of useful ______.

The young ones which hatch from eggs of a fish are known as ______.

Which of the following breed of buffalo has maximum milk fat percentage in its milk?

For which livestock India constitutes more than 50% of the total world population?

Amruthmahal, Baragur, Deoni and Hariana are breeds of ______.

World’s first buffalo clone ‘Samrupa’ and ‘Garima’ were developed at ______.

Which is known as Lucknow ka Murga?

The rearing of honey bee to obtain honey and other commercially important product is known as ______.

Which one of the following products of apiculture is used in cosmetics and polishes?

A group of animals which are related by descent and share many similarities are referred to as ______.

Inbreeding is carried out in animal husbandry because it ______.

Which one of the following is a marine fish?

More than 70 percent of livestock population is found in ______.

Social and polymorphic insect is ______.

Which of the following products is obtained from bees?

Homozygosity of a plant raised from androgenic haploid can be maintained by treating it with ______.

The bread wheat is ______ in nature.

The pollen culture is important for producing ______ plants.

Differential reproduction of individuals in a population by preserving favourable variants and eliminating undesirable ones is known as ______.

An unorganised mass of parenchymatous cells, produced in a culture, is called ______.

The protoplast of two different cells can be made to fuse with the help of ______.

An organism in which the number of complete chromosome sets is higher than the diploid number is called ______.

Variations appearing during tissue culture are called ______.

______ is an Indian plant scientist associated with green revolution.

Sonalika and Kalyan Sona are varieties of ______.

The scientific process by which crop plants are enriched with certain desirable nutrients is called ______.

The term ‘totipotency’ refers to the capacity of a cell to generate ______ plant.

The swelling on the body and neck and reduction in milk production in cattles are the symptoms of disease ______.

The other name of the disease rinder pest is ______.

Quick maturing and high meat yielding variety of poultry is known as ______.

Animal food is generally rich in ______.

Hilsa and Salmo are _____ food fishes.

The rearing of honey bee to obtain honey and other commercially important products is known as ______.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The method of developing varieties from a single clone is called mass selection.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The method of producing new crop varieties in which two or more plants of unlike genetical constitution are crossed together is known as clonal selection.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The technique of rapid vegetative propagation of plants of agricultural and horticultural value involving cell and tissue culture is popularly known as micropropagation.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The variability generated by the use of tissue culture cycle is termed as somaclonal variation.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The increased superiority of hybrids over the parents is called heterosis.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The process of removal of ovules from male parent before the anthers burst is called emasculation.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The technique of combining of desirable characteristics in one plant and then multiplying such individual to the extent that it is easily available for common use of farmers is known as crop improvement.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The main objective of plant breeding is to develop new crop varieties superior in all aspects as compared to the existing types.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

In introgressive hybridization, one species is completely replaced by another in nature.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The rearing of animals for specific purposes is called domestication and such animals are called domestic animals.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The branch of agriculture which deals with feeding, shelter, health and breeding of domestic animals is called animal husbandry.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

The production of silk from the silkworm by artificial rearing on commercial scale is called apiculture.

State whether the following statement is true or false.

Production of useful aquatic animals such as fish, prawns, shrimps, lobsters, crabs and molluscs by proper utilization of small and large bodies of water is known as aquaculture.

Name any two crops where hybrid vigour has been exploited commercially.

Emasculation is a time consuming and difficult process especially in plants with small flowers. What alternative method would you suggest for their breeding?

Why is maize called pampered corn?

Name a few commonly used mutagens.

Name the successful somatic hybrid between tomato and potato.

Cite a few examples in which induced mutation has helped in crop production.

Why is quarantine a must before introduction of a plant species from a different country?

What is the use of polyethylene glycol in somatic hybridization?

Selfing is a kind of inbreeding. Why?

Unlike of conventional breeding programme, it is possible to evolve a cytoplasmic hybrid from two different genera using tissue culture.

What is meant by heterosis?

What are the main objectives of plant breeding?

Hybrid seeds should be raised every year.

A banana herb is virus-infected. Tell a method that will help in obtaining healthy banana plants from this diseased plant.

List the two steps that are essential for carrying out artificial hybridization in crop plants.

In plant breeding experiments, pistillate flowers are not emasculated but are still bagged. Why?

What is plant breeding?

List the two steps the classical plant breeding involves.

Name any two diseases the ‘Himgiri’ variety of wheat is resistant to.

What are the proposed benefits of genetic engineering in crop improvement?

List any four objectives that you would recommend for biofortification.

How are the two following varieties of sugarcane different from each other?

1. Saccharum barberi
2. Saccharum officinarum

Why is bagging of the emasculated flowers essential during hybridization experiments?

Name one disease-resistant variety in India of wheat to leaf and stripe rust.

Name one disease-resistant variety in India of Brassica to white rust.

Mention the property of plant cells that has helped them to grow into a new plant in in vitro conditions.

Mention the property that enables the explants to regenerate into a new plant.

Identify the correct statements from the following:

1. Spinach is iron-enriched.
2. Green revolution has resulted in improved pulse yields.
3. Aphids cannot infest rapeseed mustard.

Write an alternative source of protein for animal and human nutrition.

Name the following:

The semi-dwarf variety of wheat is high-yielding and disease-resistant.

Write the names of two semi-dwarf and high yielding rice varieties developed in India after 1966.

State the importance of biofortification.

Name a man-made cereal.

Name any genetically modified crop.

Write the expanded form of GMO.

Name the improved characteristics of wheat that helped India to achieve green revolution.

Name four examples of biofortified crops.

Who is called the ‘Father of Green Revolution in India’?

What is the name of the technique adopted in plant breeding to produce improved variety of plants rich in nutrient value?

‘Fortification of crops is the need of the hour.’ Give two reasons.

What is meant by germplasm collection?

What is meant by ‘hidden hunger’?

What is emasculation?

You have obtained a high yielding variety of tomato. Name the procedure that ensures retention of the desired characteristics repeatedly in large populations of future generations of the tomato crop.

Large scale cultivation of Spirulina is highly advantageous for human population. Explain, giving two reasons.

“Growing Spirulina on a large scale is beneficial both environmentally and nutritionally for humans.” Justify.

Single cell protein is obtained from which group of algae?

Write the names of two single cell protein yielding organisms.

Name two domesticated animals which are not used as food source.

Name two diseases of poultry birds and the organisms which cause them.

Name the disease of cattle in which it produces excessive saliva.

Name two high-yielding varieties of poultry.

Name two hybrid breeds of poultry obtained by crossbreeding indigenous and exotic breeds.

What are the two methods of breeding cattle?

Mention any two exotic breeds of cow.

Name the most recent breed fowl of India which excels all other native fowls as a broiler.

Name the three types of food materials obtained from animals.

Name the technical term for the animals used in transport and labour.

Write the importance of MOET.

Identify whether the following statement is correct or incorrect:

‘Apiculture means apical meristem culture.’

State the objective of animal breeding.

List any two economically important product for humans obtained from Apis indica.

Enlist four important components of poultry farm management.

Give the scientific name of the most common species of honeybee reared in India.

List any three outbreeding practices carried out to breed domestic animals.

Name the commodity with which the following is connected:

silver revolution.

Name the commodity with which the following is connected:

operation flood

Mention the role of ‘genetic mother’ in MOET.

Name any two fowls other than chicken reared in a poultry farm.

List two advantages of keeping beehives in a crop field during flowering season.

Name one annual crop species favourable to beeswax collection.

Name one perennial crop species favourable to beeswax collection.

Select one fresh-water and one marine fish from the following:

Prawn; Catla; Mackerel; Lobster

A herd of cattle is showing reduced fertility and productivity. Provide one reason and one suggestion to overcome this problem.

Give a reason for the following:

Bagging is essential in artificial hybridisation.

Cite a few examples in which induced mutation has helped in crop production.

What is male sterility?

What is heterosis?

What role does heterosis play in crop productivity?

In what ways can plant tissue culture be applied for crop improvement?

What do you understand by crop improvement?

Why vegetatively reproducing crop plants are best suited for obtaining hybrid vigour?

What is micropropagation?

What are somaclonal variations?

What are the prospects of somaclonal variation use in crop improvement programmes?

Write a short note on embryo rescue.

Write a short note on inbreds through anther culture. 

Write a short note on somatic hybrids.

Write a short note on culture media.

Write a short note on haploids (androgenic plants).

Write a short note on mass selection.

Write a short note on somaclonal variation.

List various methods used for crop improvement. Describe how the objective is achieved by using any one of them.

What is the difference between roughage and concentrates in cattle feed?

Name one source of roughage in cattle feed for dairy animals.

Name one source of concentrates for dairy animals.

What is the role of the livestock in the agricultural economy of India?

In what essential ways is poultry farming advantageous over raising cows or buffaloes?

What is cross-breeding?

Mention any two advantages of cross breed cattle.

Discuss the significance of the technique of embryo transfer.

Discuss the achievement made through the technique of embryo transfer in livestock.

What prospects does the technique of embryo transfer have in future?

Write a short note on embryo transplant.

Write a short note on apiculture.

Write a short note on artificial insemination.

Write a short note on exotic breeds.

Expand MOET.

Explain the procedure of MOET technology in cattle improvement.

Describe the technology that has successfully increased the herd size of cattle in a short time to meet the increasing demands of growing human population.

Give the scientific name of the most common species of honeybee reared in India.

Mention the kind of areas that are suitable for bee-keeping practices.

Mention any two uses of bee wax.

Write the name of the following:

The most common species of bees suitable for apiculture.

Write the name of the following:

An improved breed of chicken.

What is protoplast fusion?

Discuss the advantage of protoplast fusion, citing one example.

What is genetic engineering?

What are the proposed benefits of genetic engineering in crop improvement?

What are the present constraints of genetic engineering?

Write a short note on protoplast fusion.

Write a note on heterosis.

Write a short note on hybridization.

Write a short note on biofortification.

Write a short note on plant introduction.

Briefly describe the origin of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum).

Describe the procedure of hybridization in plants.

List any four applications of tissue culture.

Explain mass selection.

Explain pure line selection.

How is pure line selection a better method for crop improvement?

What is single cell protein?

Give the source of single-cell protein.

Give the significance of single cell protein.

Describe the tissue culture technique in plants.

What is artificial insemination?

Mention two advantages of artificial insemination in the breeding of dairy animals.

What is pisciculture?

Give one advantage of pisciculture.

Write a short note on Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology. 

What is single cell protein?

How is single-cell protein significant for human welfare?

Explain the term biofortification.

How is the biofortification technique useful for the production of golden rice? 

Enumerate any four essential features of good and effective poultry farm management practices.

Hybrids are usually superior to their parents. This phenomenon is called ______.

Explain the significance of bagging in the process of artificial hybridisation of plants.

Explain the significance of emasculation in the process of artificial hybridisation of plants.

With reference to inbreeding of cattle, answer the following question:

Define inbreeding

With reference to inbreeding of cattle, answer the following question:

Suggest one advantage of the inbreeding process.

With reference to inbreeding of cattle, answer the following question:

Suggest one disadvantage of the inbreeding process.

Name the prominent South Indian species of sugarcane used for cross-breeding.

Name the prominent North Indian species of sugarcane used for cross-breeding.

List the desired qualities of the hybrid cane obtained from cross-breeding.

Name the tropical sugarcane variety grown in South India. How has it helped in improving the sugarcane quality grown in North India?

Identify ‘a’, ‘b’ and ‘c’ in the following table:

Identify A, B, C, and D in the following table.

Given below are the events that are observed in an artificial hybridization programme. Arrange them in the correct sequential order in which they are followed in the hybridisation programme.

1. Re-bagging
2. Selection of parents
3. Bagging
4. Dusting the pollen on stigma
5. Emasculation
6. Collection of pollen from male parent

Identify ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’ in the given table:

Suggest four important steps to produce a disease resistant plant through conventional plant breeding technology.

In an agricultural field there is a prevalence of the following organisms and crop diseases which are affecting the crop yield badly:

1. White rust
2. Leaf and stripe rust
3. Black rot
4. Jussids

Recommend the varieties of crops the farmers should grow to get rid of the existing problem and thus improve the crop yield.

Suggest the breeding method most suitable for animals that are below average in milk productivity.

What is inbreeding depression?

How is inbreeding depression caused in organisms?

Write two advantages of inbreeding.

What was the speciality of the milk produced by the transgenic cow Rosie?

What is meant by the blue revolution?

Name two freshwater fish.

Name two marine edible fish.

Briefly describe various steps involved in plant breeding.

What is ‘biofortification’?

Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus-free plants and why?

What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?

Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are?

Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.

Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human welfare.

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

What is meant by the term ‘breed’?

State the objective of animal breeding.

Name the methods employed in animal breeding. According to you which one of the methods is best? Why?

What is apiculture?

How is apiculture important in our lives?

Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.

How has the breeding programme helped in improving the public nutritional health? State two examples in support of your answer.

As a senior biology student you have been asked to demonstrate to the students of secondary level in your school, the procedure(s) that shall ensure cross-pollination in a hermaphrodite flower. List the different steps that you would suggest and provide reasons for each one of them.

If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?

Enumerate any six essentials of good, effective Dairy Farm Management Practices.

Suggest the breeding method most suitable for animals that are below average in milk productivity.

Differentiate between intravarietal and intervarietal hybridisation.

Differentiate between mass selection and pure line selection.

Differentiate between plant introduction and acclimatization.

Differentiate between selection and hybridization.

Differentiate between apiculture and aquaculture.

Differentiate between pisciculture and aquaculture.

Differentiate between outbreeding and inbreeding.

Differentiate between rearing and brooding.