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प्रश्न
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
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उत्तर १
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is another device used for gene cloning or gene multiplication in vitro.
उत्तर २
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an in vitro technique used to generate millions of copies of a specific DNA segment rapidly. PCR involves three main steps repeated in cycles: denaturation (heating DNA to separate strands), annealing (binding of primers to target DNA), and extension (DNA polymerase synthesizes new DNA). The enzyme used is Taq polymerase, which is heat-stable and derived from Thermus aquaticus. PCR amplifies DNA to make numerous copies from a small initial sample, facilitating genetic research and diagnostics.
संबंधित प्रश्न
Distinguish between plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA.
Distinguish between RNA and DNA.
What does PCR stand for? Describe the different steps of PCR
Explain the mechanism of action of restriction endonucleases that makes them suitable for genetic engineering.
What is the cell that receives a recombinant gene called?
Ti plasmid being used for introducing genes in plants obtained from ______.
Alu-I is obtained from which organism?
Match the List I with List II and List ill. Select the correct option.
| List I | List II | List ill | |||
| i. | Hind III | a. | Agarose ge | 1. | Six base pairs |
| ii. | pBR322 | b. | Agrobacterium | 2. | Selectable marke |
| iii. | T-DNA | c. | Ampicillin | 3. | Elution |
| iv. | DNA | d. | Recognition sequenc | 4. | Transgenic plant |
The time taken to complete one cycle of PCR is around ______.
Identify the characterization techniques that are based on molecular weights of compounds.
Polymerase Chain Reaction is made possible by ____________.
Name and describe the technique that helps in separation of DNA fragments.
Restriction enzymes were discovered by ______.
The PCR technique is used for ______.
Study the following lists and choose the correct match.
| List I | List II |
| A. Vector | (i) Resistant to cotton bollworms |
| B. Downstream processing | (ii) Mobile genetic elements |
| C. Cry II AB | (iii) Controls corn borers |
| D. Transposons | (iv) Ti plasmid |
| (v) Purifying protein in biopharmaceuticals |
The structure below shows pUC18, which is similar to pBR322 in its function. However, they differ in some of their restriction sites and the number of ori. The ori number for pBR322 is approximately 20.
- How are puc18 and pBR322 used in biotechnological studies?
OR
What will be the impact if the ori in the above structure gets damaged? - The lac z gene has many recognition sites. Study the segment of DNA given below and answer the questions.
5’... ATC GTA AAG CTT CAT…3’
3’... TAG CAT TTC GAA GTA…5’
i) Applying your knowledge of palindrome sequences identify and mark the possible region where the restriction enzyme X will act.
ii) Restriction enzyme Y was used to extract a gene of interest from a plant. This gene needs to be inserted in the given DNA segment which has been treated with restriction enzyme X. Will there be a successful recombination? Explain with a reason. - Which one of the two (pUC18 and pBR322) would you prefer for biotechnological studies? Justify.
Write a short note on vectors.
Importance of PCR.
Which one of the following enzymes is used to join DNA fragments?
The restriction enzymes used as molecular scissors are type of ______.
