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प्रश्न
The lecture was delivered in 1864. What are the shifts in style and diction that make the language different from the way it is used today?
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उत्तर
The shifts in style and diction are very evident in the text. Certain words like ‘assuredly’ is less used and words like ‘most distant’ are now incorrect because it has become ‘most distant’. Certain phrases like ‘peerage of words’ or national noblesse of words’ is no more used because aristocracy or nobility hardly exist anymore. Certain formations of sentences are also different like ‘no one has yet said it’ as opposed to how it is said today- ‘no one has said it yet’.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Attempt the following in 150-200 words.
Write a character sketch of Bishop Brooks as he appears in Helen Keller's − The Story of My Life.
Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The term dietary fibres refers collectively to indigestible carbohydrates present in plant foods. The importance of these dietary fibres came into the picture when it was observed that the people having diet rich in these fibres, had low incidence of coronary heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome, dental caries and gall stones.
The foodstuffs rich in these dietary fibres are cereals and grains, legumes, fruits with seeds, citrus fruits, carrots, cabbage, green leafy vegetables, apples, melons, peaches, pears etc.
These dietary fibres are not digested by the enzymes of the stomach and the small intestine whereas most of other carbohydrates like starch and sugar are digested and absorbed. The dietary fibres have the property of holding water and because of it, these get swollen and behave like a sponge as these pass through the gastrointestinal tract. The fibres add bulk to the diet and increase transit time in the gut. Some of these fibres may undergo fermentation in the colon.
In recent years, it has been considered essential to have some amount of fibres in the diet. Their beneficial effects lie in preventing coronary heart disease, and decreasing cholesterol level. The fibres like gums and pectin are reported to decrease postprandial (after meals) glucose level in blood. These types of dietary fibres are recommended for the management of certain types of diabetes. Recent studies have shown that the fenugreek (Methi) seeds, which contain 40 per cent gum, are effective in decreasing blood glucose and cholesterol levels as compared to other gum containing vegetables.
Some dietary fibres increase transit time and decrease the time of release of ingested food in colon. The diet having less fibres is associated with colon cancer and the dietary fibres may play a role in decreasing the risk of it.
The dietary fibres hold water so that stools are soft, bulky and readily eliminated. Therefore high fibre intake prevents or relieves constipation.
The fibres increase motility of the small intestine and the colon and by decreasing the transit time there is less time for exposure of the mucosa to harmful toxic substances. Therefore, there is a less desire to eat and the energy intake can be maintained within the range of requirement. This phenomenon helps in keeping a check on obesity. Another reason in helping to decrease obesity is that the high-fibre diets have somewhat lower coefficients of digestibility.
The dietary fibres may have some adverse effects on nutrition by binding some trace metals like calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, zinc and others and therefore preventing their proper absorption. This may pose a possibility of nutritional deficiency especially when diets contain marginal levels of mineral elements. This may become important constraints on increasing dietary fibres. It is suggested that an intake of 40 grams dietary fibres per day is desirable.
(Extracted from ‘The Tribune’)
(a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it in points only, using recognizable abbreviations wherever necessary. Also suggest a suitable title.
(b) Write a summary of the above in about 80 words.
Big male elephants throw logs at electric fences because
How do chimps drink water from the waterholes?
Read the following passage and complete the activities given below :
A1 Find out :
Find from the passage the related words to the sea and write them.
ON FIERCE monsoon nights, about one and a quarter-mile off the Mumbai harbor, there have been occasions when 52-year-old Bikaji Ramchandra Dhuri is the only man on the sea. From the watchtower of the Prongs Reef Lighthouse, which is surrounded on all sides by the Arabian Sea, he has heard the sea rage like a possessed spirit – the darkness dispelled only by the beam of light flung across the waters from the tower he mans.
Dhuri is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast, as a majority of the 182 lighthouses in the country are now unmanned. Built-in 1871, the Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on Scotland’s Skerryvore Rocks Lighthouse and is located at a strategic spot on the western coast, marking the entrance to the busy Mumbai Harbour. It was meant to stem the number of shipwrecks off the harbor, which the lone Colaba lighthouse could not illumine on its own. “Even now, during nights, for fishing vessels without any gadgets, it’s the soft light from this tower which directs us to Mumbai,” says Vinayak Koli, a boatsman who helps ferry people and also goes on fishing expeditions.
Throughout the year, Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for 15 days at a stretch, when he is relieved by another keeper. In the monsoon, it becomes his home for three months. “We call it the Kalapana as we are alone in the middle of the sea for days, with basic supplies – and the revolving light that keeps the sea awake,” he says.
A2 Fill in the following information using words from the passage :
(i) The Prongs Reef lighthouse was modeled on _______.
(ii) Dhuri lives in the lighthouse for _______ at a stretch.
(iii) _______ is one of the last breeds of lighthouse keepers on the Indian coast.
(iv) The majority of the _______ lighthouses in the country are now unmanned.
| Violent | Scattered | Place of shelter for ships | Shine light |
A4
A5 Personal Response
Imagine you have to spend a night in a lighthouse. Narrate your experience.
Read the following passage and do the given activities:
A.1) True or False
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(i) The patient stirred and looked about in cheerful anticipation
(ii) The patient’s wife wanted to know the truth …………
The lady went away to the kitchen. She felt restless. She felt she must know the truth whatever it was. Why was the great man so evasive? The suspense was unbearable. Perhaps he could not speak so near the patient’s bed. She beckoned to him from the kitchen doorway.
The doctor rose and went over. She asked, “What about him now? How is he?” The doctor bit his lips and replied, looking at the floor, “Don’t get excited. Unless you must know about it, don’t ask now.” Her eyes opened wide in terror. She clasped her hands together and implored, “Tell me the truth.” The doctor replied, “I would rather not talk to you now.” He turned around and went back to his chair. terrible wailing shot through the still house; the patient stirred and looked about in bewilderment. The doctor got up again, went over to the kitchen door, drew it in securely and shut off the wail.
A.2) Give reasons for the following:
(i) Her eyes opened wide in terror.
(ii) The lady went away to the kitchen.
A.3) How, according to you, should the nature of the doctor be?
Mention the odd way in which the author’s grandmother behaved just before she died.
How would you say ‘a dilapidated drum’ in your language?
How do you respond to these lines?
Light, chill and yellow,
Bathes the serene
Foreheads of houses
Try rewriting the lecture as a formal essay and examine Forster’s statement: 'since the novel is itself often colloquial, it may possibly withhold some of its secrets from the graver and grander streams of criticism’.
What makes the urgency of the child's demand seem logical?
Read the extract and state whether the following statement is true or false. Correct the false statement.
Newer hybrid crops have a great appetite for chemicals.
Fill in the blank.
Moru Dada wanted to spray __________ on the moong crop.
Read the story and complete the following.
Revathi’s grief knew no bounds because, ____________.
Answer in your own words.
What helped Revathi to claim her plants - her belief in magic or the belief in her convictions? Explain your choice.
Make a list of the preparations made for an assault on Tiger Hill.
Bofors guns _____________.
Little creatures in nature can also be your teachers. Think and write what we can learn from the following.
Bees:
Think and answer in your own words in your notebook.
Why do you think God created worms? What is their ecological importance?
Discuss orally in your class.
In what subjects is knowledge of mathematics used, at school level, and college/university level? Name them.
Did you know maths is used in music and poetry also? Can you tell how?
Answer the following question in short.
Why did Pundit Shahane visit Vijaynagar?
Do as directed. (Make sure you do not change the meaning and tense of the sentence).
I am proud of you. (Rewrite using the noun form of the underlined word).
Write a sentence each about three of your friends. Each time you should say what your friend cannot do, and yet, pay a compliment to your friend.
Form pairs and decide whether the following statements are those of a Great Indian Bustard or not.
| Statements | Great Indian Bustard | Some Other Bird |
| (a) I am the heaviest flying bird in India. | ||
| (b) I am known as Maldhok or Hoom in Marathi. | ||
| (c) I live in mountainous regions. | ||
| (d) I don’t like grasshoppers or beetles. | ||
| (e) We don’t believe in building nests. | ||
| (f) Our chick stays with the mother for a period of nearly one year. | ||
| (g) I am the State bird of Maharashtra. | ||
| (h) We have been pushed away from more than 90 percent of our home regions. |
There were some reasons why Theseus was initially against but later gave consent for the marriage of Helena with Lysander. Explain.
Discuss the following question after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.
How many times is the name Krispy Krunchy repeated in the ad? Why?
Discuss the following questions after you have seen a presentation of the ‘ad’.
Can you become fair in five days? How long will the effect of the cream last?
Collect as many pictures as you can, or draw diagrams of all the sources you have listed above. Make a scrapbook using them.
What is your favourite time of the day? Describe it in detail.
Read the passage and answer the following:
Where does the story take place?
Read the following sentence aloud. Write who said it and to whom.
“You have nothing else?”
Complete the following sentence with reference to the passage.
It is believed that _________ Homer, who __________ and who ________ to all who __________________.
Summarise this poem in your own words in 8 to 10 lines, highlighting only the main points.
What did the husband want to do with the extra milk?
Name the following.
Ruler of Germany.
What did the important-looking man tell Gulliver?
Describe Gulliver’s home in Lilliput.
List the characters in the play.
Birds and animals
Find two examples of the following from the lesson.
A Statement
Make a collection of Rangoli motifs and patterns.
Write about each motif or pattern in your own words -
it could just be a label or a description or some information or comment.
Is the bird a crow?
Read the incident again and answer the following question.
What did Gilson want the writer to bring for him?
Usha took shelter in the ______.
Pick out the words which rhyme with the given words and write similar rhyming words on your own.
| 1. | far | ||
| 2. | fear | ||
| 3. | low | ||
| 4. | kind | ||
| 5. | remain | ||
| 6. | they |
The hatchlings use a tiny egg-tooth to come out of the eggs.
Women/Men can achieve anything, provided they put their heart and soul into it. Discuss in the class. Do you think being a man or a woman makes a difference?
Match the planet with its feature.
| 1. | Mars | blue ice giant |
| 2. | Saturn | red storm |
| 3. | Jupiter | red planet |
| 4. | Neptune | ring and moons |
How did the aliens know the boys' language?
Match the following.
| treat everyone | love each of her child |
| nation | no inner boundaries |
| kind | not divided as people |
| country | alike |
Choose the odd one out.
Why did the old man need someone?
Identify the character or the speaker.
“Do not feel sad dear.”
Akilan’s passion is to learn ______.
What was his master’s advice?
Divide the following word.
hotel
When do you feel proud?
Moles dig ______ to catch earth worms.
The grandmother had kept the plate in memory of her ______.
Write the word with same meaning.
Sink
A person who overcomes problems, will get ______ at the end.
What sort of a boy is described in the poem?
