Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Syllabus - Free PDF Download
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Syllabus 2025-26 Class 12: The Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Syllabus for the examination year 2025-26 has been released by the Tamil Nadu Board, Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education. The board will hold the final examination at the end of the year following the annual assessment scheme, which has led to the release of the syllabus. The 2025-26 Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Board Exam will entirely be based on the most recent syllabus. Therefore, students must thoroughly understand the new Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education syllabus to prepare for their annual exam properly.
The detailed Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Syllabus for 2025-26 is below.
Academic year:
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Revised Syllabus
Tamil Nadu Board of Secondary Education Class 12 Zoology Course Structure 2025-26 With Marking Scheme
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Syllabus
1 Reproduction in Organisms
2 Human Reproduction
- Human Reproduction
- Key Points: Human Reproduction
- Menstrual Disorders
- Menstrual hygiene
- Menopause
- Fertilization in Human
- Definition: Fertilization in Human
- Key Points: Fertilization in Human
- Implantation in Human
- Definition: Implantation
- Maintenance of Pregnancy and Embryonic Development
- Parturition (Birth) in Human
- Definition: Parturition
- Lactation in Human
3 Reproductive Health
- Concept of Reproductive Health
- Key Points: Reproductive Health
- Amniocentesis
- Social Impact of Sex Ratio, Female Foeticide and Infanticide
- Population Explosion in India
- Definition
- Effects of Population Explosion
- Measures to Control Population Explosion
- Real-Life Application
- Key Point Summary
- Induced Abortion or Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP)
- Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) or Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI)
- Infertility
- Detection of Foetal Disorders During Early Pregnancy
- Ultrasound scanning
- Amniocentesis
- Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)
- Foetoscope
4 Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Extensions of Mendelian Genetics (Deviation from Mendelism)
- Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups (ABO and Rh system)
- Definition: Blood Transfusion
- Definition: Blood Donor
- Definition: Blood Recipient
- Definition: Antigens
- Definition: Antibodies
- Definition: Universal Donor
- Definition: Universal Recipient
- Blood Groups
- Rh Factor
- Key Point: Blood Transfusion and Blood Groups
- Genetic Control of Rh Factor
- Fisher and Race hypothesis
- Wiener Hypothesis
- Incompatibility of Rh Factor – Erythroblastosis foetalis
- Prevention of Erythroblastosis foetalis
- Sex Determination
- Sex Linked Inheritance
- Karyotyping
- Preparation of Karyotype
- Applications of Karyotyping
- Human Karyotype
- Pedigree Analysis
- Human Genetic Disorders
- Extra Chromosomal / Cytoplasmic Inheritance
- Eugenics, Euphenics and Euthenics
- Eugenics
- Euphenics
- Euthenics
5 Molecular Genetics
- Gene as the Functional Unit of Inheritance
- Search for Genetic Material
- Chemistry of Nucleic Acids
- Pentose sugar
- Nitrogenous bases
- The phosphate functional group
- Nucleoside and nucleotide
- The RNA World
- Properties of Genetic Material
- Packaging of DNA Helix
- DNA Replication
- Protein Synthesis
- Transcription
- Definition: Transcription
- Translation
- Definition: Triplet Codon
- Definition: Translation
- Transcription
- Genetic Code
- tRNA – the Adapter Molecule
- Human Genome Project
- DNA Fingerprinting
- Definition: DNA Fingerprinting
6 Evolution
- Theories of Origin of Life
- Geological Time Scale
- Evidence of Evolution > Morphological Evidences
- Key Points: Morphological Evidences
- Theories of Biological Evolution
- Definition: Natural Selection
- Definition: Survival of the Fittest
- Organic Evolution
- Hardy Weinberg’s Principle
- Isolating Mechanism
- Extinction of Animals
7 Human Health and Diseases
- Common Diseases in Human Beings
- Maintenance of Personal and Public Hygiene
- Mental Health – Depression
- Signs and symptoms of mental depression
- Lifestyle Disorders Inhuman Beings
8 Immunology
- Basic Concepts of Immunology
- Innate immunity
- Acquired immunity
- Components of acquired immunity
- Types of acquired immunity
- Immune responses
- Primary immune response
- Secondary immune response
- Lymphoid organs
- Primary lymphoid organs
- Secondary or peripheral lymphoid organs
- Cells of the immune system
- Antigens
- Types of antigens
- Antibodies
- Antigen -antibody interaction
- Binding force of antigen - antibody reaction
- Different types of antigen and antibody reactions
- Vaccines
- Vaccination and immunization
- Hypersensitivity
- Immune Responses
- Antigen -antibody Interaction
- Binding force of antigen - antibody reaction
- Different types of antigen and antibody reactions
- Hypersensitivity
- Autoimmune Diseases
- Tumour immunology
- Immunotherapy of cancer
- Tumour Immunology
- Immunotherapy of cancer
9 Microbes in Human Welfare
- Microbes in Household Products
- Microbes in Industrial Products
- Microbes in Sewage Treatment
- Bioremediation
- Microorganisms involved in bioremediation
10 Applications of Biotechnology
- Human Health
- Gene Therapy
- Definition: Gene Therapy
- Cloning
- Definition: Cloning
- Definition: Reproductive Cloning
- Definition: Therapeutic Cloning
- Gene Therapy
- Stem Cell Technology
- Stem Cell Therapy
- Molecular Diagnosis
- Transgenic Animals
- Biological Products and Their Uses
- Ethical Issues
- Regulations in Biotechnology
- Possible Threats of Genetically Modified Organisms
- The possible risks of GMOs
- Biosafety Guidelines
- Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) and Protection (IPP)
- Patents
- Geographical indication (GI)
- Copyright
- Trade marks
11 Organisms and Populations
- Organisms and Their Environment
- Responses to Abiotic Factors
- Responses to Abiotic Factors
- Living organisms deal with the extreme weather conditions through the following adaptations:
(i) Regulation
(ii) Conformation
(iii) Migration
(iv) Suspension
- Responses to Abiotic Factors
- Habitat
- Major Abiotic Factors
- Concept of Biome and Their Distribution
- Characters of a biome
- Aquatic Biomes
- Terrestrial biomes
- Major Biomes of the Earth
- Tundra Biome
- Taiga Biome
- Grassland Biome
- Alpine biome
- Forest biomes
- Desert biomes
- Adaptations and Its Types
- Population
- Population Age Distribution
- Growth Models
- Population Regulation
- Population Interactions
12 Biodiversity and Its Conservation
- Biodiversity
- Biogeographical Regions of India
- Threats to Biodiversity
- Causes of Biodiversity Loss
- Habitat Loss
- Habitat fragmentation
- Over exploitation
- Exotic species invasion
- Global Climate changes
- Shifting or Jhum cultivation (Slash-and-burn agriculture)
- Coextinctions
- Intensive agriculture
- Loss of biodiversity
- Hotspots
- Endangered organisms
- Extinction
- IUCN
- Red Data Book
- Restoration of Degraded Habitats
- Biodiversity Act (BDA)
13 Environmental Issues
- Pollution
- Definition: Pollution
- Definition: Pollutant
- Environmental Issues
- Air Pollution
- Definition: Air Pollution
- Introduction
- Water Pollution
- Definition: Water pollution
- Introduction
- Noise Pollution
- Definition: Noise Pollution
- Introduction
- Air Pollution
- Effect of Agrochemicals
- Biomagnification
- Eutrophication
- Types of Farming in India > Organic Farming
- Key Points: Organic farming
- Solid Waste Management
- Ecosan Toilets
