Science (English Medium) Class 12 - CBSE Important Questions

"The ways to measure human development are constantly being redefined". Evaluate this statement keeping in mind the attainments and shortfall in human development.

On the basis of the main source of moisture for crops, analyse the types of farming in the Indian scenario.

"Dependence on erratic monsoon is still a big problem of Indian agriculture." Support the statement.

Analyse the 'low productivity' as a big problem of Indian agriculture. 

"There has been a significant increase in agricultural output and improvement in technology during the last 50 years in India." Examine the statement.

Describe the main characteristics of Intensive Subsistence Agriculture. In which parts of the world this type of agriculture is practiced?

Assertion: Mediterranean regions have been inhabited from early periods in history.

Reason: Plain areas are favorable for the production of crops and to build roads and industries.

Explain the prominent features of Traditional Large Scale industrial regions.

‘Manufacturing Industry’

Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.

• What do you understand by the term Manufacturing?

‘Manufacturing Industry’

Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.

• “Manufacturing involves value addition.” Explain with any one suitable example.

‘Manufacturing Industry’

Manufacturing literally means ‘to make by hand’. However, now it includes goods ’made by machines’. It is essentially a process that involves transforming raw materials into finished goods of higher value for sale in local or distant markets. Conceptually, an industry is a geographically located manufacturing unit maintaining books of accounts and records under a management system. As the term industry is comprehensive, it is also used as synonymous with ‘manufacturing’. When one uses terms like ‘steel industry’ and ‘chemical industry’, one thinks of factories and processes. But there are many secondary activities which are not carried on in factories such as what is now called the ‘entertainment industry and ‘Tourism industry’, etc. So for clarity, the longer expression ‘manufacturing industry’ is used.

• Name two industries which provide services rather than production of goods.

Examine the features of cottage manufacturing or household industries.

Define Tertiary Activities.

Differentiate between departmental stores and chain stores.

How do Quaternary services differ from Tertiary services? Give three reasons why the service sector in developing and developed countries is growing faster than the manufacturing sector?

Justify the tremendous growth of the Service Sector in developed and developing countries than the manufacturing sector? Explain giving suitable examples.

Evaluate the role and importance of roads in the economic development of India?

Attaining Sustainable development in the command area requires major thrust upon the measures to achieve ecological sustainability. Highlight the measures proposed to promote sustainable development in the command area of Indira Gandhi Rajasthan Canal.

Which two cities are connected by Channel Tunnel?

Observe the given map and answer the following questions:

(1) Name the Railway line and name the country where it lies.

(2) Name the stations marked as  'A' and 'B'.

(3) State two reasons why it is the most important route in Asia?