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Question
What is meant by homologous series?
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Solution
A series of compounds of the same family in which each member has the same type of carbon skeleton and functional group and differs from the next member by a constant difference of one methylene group \[\ce{(-CH2-)}\] in its molecular and structural formula is called a homologous series.
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
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|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{...............}\\
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|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
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\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{...................}\\
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
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\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
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|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
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|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
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\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\
\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]
